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Tian, Yongding (author), Guo, Zhuoran (author), Zhang, Jiaxuan (author), Al-Ars, Z. (author)Many researchers have proposed replacing the aggregation server in federated learning with a blockchain system to improve privacy, robustness, and scalability. In this approach, clients would upload their updated models to the blockchain ledger and use a smart contract to perform model averaging. However, the significant delay and limited...journal article 2023