A 200Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter with Hybrid Sub-Sampling PLL in 28nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents a complete 200Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter (TX) in 28nm CMOS technology. The transmitter features a hybrid sub-sampling PLL (SSPLL) with a delta-sigma (?S) modulator, clock distribution network with flexible timing control, and data path with a hybrid 5-tap Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE) and T-coil for bandwidth extension. The...

Active pixel sensors: The sensor of choice for future space applications

It is generally known that active pixel sensors (APS) have a number of advantages over CCD detectors if it comes to cost for mass production, power consumption and ease of integration. Nevertheless, most space applications still use CCD detectors because they tend to give better performance and have a successful heritage. To this respect a...