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Acoustic Characterization of a 32 × 32 Element PZT-on-ASIC Matrix Transducer for 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography

Shabanimotlagh, M. (author), Raghunathan, S.B. (author), Bera, D. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Chen, C. (author), Daeichin, V. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Bosch, J.G. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

Echocardiography is a portable, safe, and low-cost imaging technique for accurate assessment of the heart. In transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) the esophagus is utilized as the imaging window to examine the cardiac anatomy and function. In conventional TEE probes, a one-dimensional (1D) ultrasound array is employed to obtain two-dimensional...

abstract 2017

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A Front-End ASIC with Receive Sub-array Beamforming Integrated with a 32 × 32 PZT Matrix Transducer for 3-D Transesophageal Echocardiography

Chen, C. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Bera, Deep (author), Raghunathan, S.B. (author), Shabanimotlagh, M. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Chang, Z.Y. (author), Ponte, Jacco (author), Prins, Christian (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Bosch, J.G. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

This paper presents a power-and area-efficient front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that is directly integrated with an array of 32 × 32 piezoelectric transducer elements to enable next-generation miniature ultrasound probes for real-time 3-D transesophageal echocardiography. The 6.1 × 6.1 mm² ASIC, implemented...

journal article 2017

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A Front-End ASIC With High-Voltage Transmit Switching and Receive Digitization for 3-D Forward-Looking Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging

Tan, M. (author), Chen, C. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Janjic, Jovana (author), Daeichin, V. (author), Chang, Z.Y. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), van Soest, G. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

This paper presents an area- and power-efficient application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) for 3-D forward-looking intravascular ultrasound imaging. The ASIC is intended to be mounted at the tip of a catheter, and has a circular active area with a diameter of 1.5 mm on the top of which a 2-D array of piezoelectric transducer elements is...

journal article 2018

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A Reconfigurable Ultrasound Transceiver ASIC With 24 x 40 Elements for 3-D Carotid Artery Imaging

Kang, E. (author), Ding, Q. (author), Shabanimotlagh, M. (author), Kruizinga, P. (author), Chang, Z.Y. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Bosch, J.W. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

This paper presents an ultrasound transceiver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for 3-D ultrasonic imaging of the carotid artery. This application calls for an array of thousands of ultrasonic transducer elements, far exceeding the number of channels of conventional imaging systems. The 3.6 x 6.8 mm² ASIC...

journal article 2018

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Fast Volumetric Imaging Using a Matrix Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe with Partitioned Transmit–Receive Array

Bera, D. (author), Van Den Adel, Franc (author), Radeljic-Jakic, Nikola (author), Lippe, Boris (author), Soozande, M. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Kruizinga, P. (author), Daeichin, V. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), van der Steen, A.F.W. (author), Bosch, Johan G. (author), de Jong, N. (author)

We describe a 3-D multiline parallel beamforming scheme for real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging using a prototype matrix transesophageal echocardiography probe with diagonally diced elements and separated transmit and receive arrays. The elements in the smaller rectangular transmit array are directly wired to the ultrasound system. The...

journal article 2018

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Acoustic characterization of a miniature matrix transducer for pediatric 3D transesophageal echocardiography

Daeichin, V. (author), Bera, D. (author), Raghunathan, S.B. (author), Shabanimotlagh, M. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Chen, C. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a miniature PZT-on-CMOS matrix transducer for real-time pediatric 3-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). This 3D TEE probe consists of a 32 × 32 array of PZT elements integrated on top of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). We propose a...

journal article 2018

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A 2D Ultrasound Transducer with Front-End ASIC and Low Cable Count for 3D Forward-Looking Intravascular Imaging: Performance and Characterization

Janjic, Jovana (author), Tan, M. (author), Daeichin, V. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Chen, C. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Chang, Z.Y. (author), Beurskens, Robert H.S.H. (author), van Soest, G. (author), van der Steen, A.F.W. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), de Jong, N. (author)

Intravascular ultrasound is an imaging modality used to visualize atherosclerosis from within the inner lumen of human arteries. Complex lesions like chronic total occlusions require forward-looking intravascular ultrasound (FL-IVUS), instead of the conventional side-looking geometry. Volumetric imaging can be achieved with 2D array...

journal article 2018

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Multiline 3D beamforming using micro-beamformed datasets for pediatric transesophageal echocardiography

Bera, D. (author), Raghunathan, S.B. (author), Chen, C. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Daeichin, V. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), van der Steen, A.F.W. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Bosch, J.G. (author)

Until now, no matrix transducer has been realized for 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in pediatric patients. In 3D TEE with a matrix transducer, the biggest challenges are to connect a large number of elements to a standard ultrasound system, and to achieve a high volume rate (>200 Hz). To address these issues, we have recently...

journal article 2018

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Feasibility of ultrasound flow measurements via non-linear wave propagation

Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), van Neer, P.L.M.J. (author), van Willigen, D.M. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

Typically, ultrasonic flow meters assume linear wave propagation. Nevertheless, if the transducers of an ultrasonic flow sensor excite a pressure wave with a high amplitude, nonlinear wave propagation effects become significant. The appearance of higher harmonics increases the bandwidth of the received signal, which may potentially lead to a...

conference paper 2018

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A Pitch-Matched Front-End ASIC With Integrated Subarray Beamforming ADC for Miniature 3-D Ultrasound Probes

Chen, C. (author), Chen, Z. (author), Bera, Deep (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Chang, Z.Y. (author), Tan, M. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Bosch, Johan G. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

This paper presents a front-end application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) integrated with a 2-D PZT matrix transducer that enables in-probe digitization with acceptable power dissipation for the next-generation endoscopic and catheter-based 3-D ultrasound imaging systems. To achieve power-efficient massively parallel analog-to-digital...

journal article 2018

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Feasibility of High Frame Rate 3-D Intracardiac Echography using Fan-Beam Transmissions

Soozande, Mehdi (author), Ossenkoppele, B.W. (author), Hopf, Y.M. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Bosch, J.G. (author), de Jong, N. (author)

poster 2019

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Acoustic Design of a Transducer Array for Ultrasonic Clamp-on Flow Metering

Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), van Willigen, D.M. (author), van Neer, P.L.M.J. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

Current ultrasonic clamp-on flow meters are based on single-element transducers that require manual calibration by aligning these to a fixed acoustic path. Moreover, the size and operational frequency of the transducers cannot be adapted to the parameters of the pipe and the liquid, which are in practice not precisely known a priory. A set of...

conference paper 2019

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3D high frame rate flow measurement using a prototype matrix transducer for carotid imaging

Fool, F. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Shabanimotlagh, M. (author), Soozande, M. (author), Mozaffarzadeh, M. (author), Kim, T. (author), Kang, E. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

To accurately investigate the state of the carotid artery by the local haemodynamics and motion of the plaque using ultrasound, high-frame rate volumetric imaging is necessary. We have specifically designed a matrix array for this purpose. In this proceeding we will focus on imaging a volumetric flow profile using this matrix. For this...

conference paper 2019

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Fabrication and Characterization of a Prototype Forward-Looking Single-Cable 64-Element Intra-Vascular Ultrasound Probe

van Willigen, D.M. (author), Mozaffarzadeh, M. (author), Noothout, E.C. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Daeichin, V. (author)

This paper presents the integration steps towards a prototype forward-looking intra-vascular ultrasound probe. An ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is laser cut to create a 1.6mm circular shaped die that can be integrated at the tip of a small catheter. The ASIC is designed such that it can be used to transmit and receive on 64...

conference paper 2019

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Suppression of Lamb wave excitation via aperture control of a transducer array for ultrasonic clamp-on flow metering

Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), van Neer, P.L.M.J. (author), Willigen, D. M. van (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

During ultrasonic clamp-on flow metering, Lamb waves propagating in the pipe wall may limit the measurement accuracy by introducing absolute errors in the flow estimates. Upon reception, these waves can interfere with the up and downstream waves refracting from the liquid, and disturb the measurement of the transit time difference that is used...

journal article 2020

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Towards a calibration-free ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter: Pipe geometry measurements using matrix arrays: Pipe geometry measurements using matrix arrays

Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), van Neer, P.L.M.J. (author), van Willigen, D.M. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

Current ultrasonic clamp-on flow meters are manually calibrated. This process is based on manual placement of two single-element transducers along a pipe wall. Due to the usually unknown pipe properties and inhomogeneities in the pipe geometry, the axial distance of the transducers needs to be manually calibrated to align the location of the...

journal article 2020

document

Impact of Bit Errors in Digitized RF Data on Ultrasound Image Quality

Chen, Z. (author), Soozande, M. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Bosch, J.G. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

This article quantitatively analyzes the impact of bit errors in digitized RF data on ultrasound image quality. The quality of B-mode images in both linear array and phased array imaging is evaluated by means of three objective image quality metrics: peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, and contrast-to-noise ratio, when...

journal article 2020

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Receive/transmit aperture selection for 3D ultrasound imaging with a 2D matrix transducer

Mozaffarzadeh, M. (author), Soozande, M. (author), Fool, F. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Vos, H.J. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Bosch, Johan G. (author), de Jong, N. (author)

Recently, we realized a prototype matrix transducer consisting of 48 rows of 80 elements on top of a tiled set of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) implementing a row-level control connecting one transmit/receive channel to an arbitrary subset of elements per row. A fully sampled array data acquisition is implemented by a...

journal article 2020

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An Algorithm to Minimize the Zero-Flow Error in Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flow Meters

van Willigen, D.M. (author), Neer, Paul L.M.J. van (author), Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)

Transit-time ultrasonic flow meters are widely used in industry to measure fluid flow. In practice ultrasonic flow meters either show a zero-flow error or suffer from a significant random error due to a limited signal-to-noise ratio, requiring a significant amount of averaging to achieve good precision. This work presents a method that minimizes...

journal article 2020

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Measurement of Pipe and Fluid Properties with a Matrix Array-based Ultrasonic Clamp-on Flow Meter

Massaad Mouawad, J.M. (author), van Neer, P.L.M.J. (author), van Willigen, D.M. (author), Sabbadini, A. (author), de Jong, N. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author), Verweij, M.D. (author)

Current ultrasonic clamp-on flow meters consist of a pair of single-element transducers that are carefully positioned before use. This positioning process consists of manually finding the distance between the transducer elements, along the pipe axis, for which maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is achieved. This distance depends on the sound...

journal article 2021