Potential of cost-efficient single frequency GNSS receivers for water vapor monitoring

Dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) enable the estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) which can be converted to PrecipitableWater Vapor (PWV). The density of existing GNSS monitoring networks is insufficient to capture small-scale water vapor variations that are especially important for extreme weather...

InSAR datum connection using GNSS-augmented radar transponders

Deformation estimates from Interferometric Synthetic<br/>Aperture Radar (InSAR) are relative: they form a ‘free’<br/>network referred to an arbitrary datum, e.g. by assuming a reference<br/>point in the image to be stable. However, some applications<br/>require ‘absolute’ InSAR estimates, i.e. expressed in<br/>a well-defined terrestrial...