Economic optimization of coastal flood defence systems including storm surge barrier closure reliability

Storm surge barriers are large movable hydraulic structures which close during a storm surge to prevent coastal floods. In the regions they protect, a failure to close the barrier is often the most likely cause for a catastrophic flood. Nevertheless, flood risk assessments usually only focus on raising flood defences behind the barrier....

Determining the decomposition voltage of Cu(In_1-xGa_x)Se₂

Partial shading of CIGS modules can lead to permanent damage of the module in the shaded area. This is caused by harmful reverse bias voltages in the shaded area which lead to reverse bias induced defects, also known as wormlike defects. A lot is already known about the origin and propagation of wormlike defects. However, the fundamental...

Material Property Changes in Defects Caused by Reverse Bias Exposure of CIGS Solar Cells

Partial shading of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ modules can lead to the formation of reverse bias induced wormlike defects. These wormlike defects act as local shunts and permanently decrease module output. A good understanding of the formation and propagation mechanisms of these defects is needed in order to mitigate the negative effects, or to...