Discerning small time-lapse traveltime changes by isolating the seismic response of a reservoir using the Marchenko method

4D seismic studies aim to observe time-lapse changes in the subsurface between a baseline and a monitor study. These changes are generally small, and the seismic response from a deep reservoir can be concealed by reflections from shallow structures. Here, we introduce a novel way of isolating the reservoir response by means of the Marchenko...

Determining changes in CO2 saturation from time-lapse measurements using ghost reflections retrieved by seismic interferometry

One of the targets of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration is to determine the parts of the reservoir reached by the injected CO2 and to estimate their saturation. Such information could be extracted from the time-lapse measurement using AVO or impedance information. But non-repeatability of the source positions and time-lapse...