Refining legal Land Administration-related aspects in LADM

Among the topics that are introduced and/ or being refined in the context of the revision of the LADM 19152:2012, the legal Land Administration-related aspects are being investigated. With the knowledge and the experience from the developments of the LADM so far, and the ongoing discussion between the parties involved in the standardisation...

Modelling 3D legal spaces of Public Law Restrictions within the context of LADM revision

Intense exploitation of land in the vertical direction has brought up complex legal relations between different types of spatial units with various characteristics (e.g., land, marine, air, underground parcels, and infrastructure objects). Therefore, the use of 3D models is required to clearly represent real property and associated Rights,...

3D Cadastre in the Case of Engineering Objects, such as Bridges and Road Viaducts

At present, the implementation of cadastral registration of transport investments (such as railway lines on bridges and on viaducts, roads on viaducts, etc.) is performed in the so-called "layer" system. This means that many objects are constructed at different levels (layers) within the space of a given parcel. Several parties may be interested...

Determining the “true” three-dimensional environmental impact of Public Law Restrictions

The needs of modern, heavily urbanised societies, require, on the one hand, the most efficient exploitation of land by individual stakeholders and, on the other hand, have set up a variety of restrictions and regulations for the public benefit. Such restrictions are steadily growing in number and apply in various areas. Given the technological...

Layer approach to ownership in 3D cadastre – a subway case

The paper focuses on approaches to the registration of real property rights in the case of underground or subway tunnels in different EU countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Greece, Poland, Slovenia, and Sweden. The Authors made analysis of the current way of registration of rights to subway tunnels in the chosen countries,...

Possibilities of Integrating Public Law Restrictions to 3D Cadastres

Modern urban environment is characterized by intense vertical exploitation of real property. This has resulted in complex and interlocking structures, also reflecting to vertically overlapping real property rights, intensifying the need for 3D cadastral systems. Additionally, a significant number of Public Law Restrictions (PLRs), defined by an...

3D Real Property Legal Concepts and Cadastre: A Comparative Study of Selected Countries to Propose a Way Forward

The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increased interest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s while literature provides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well as already implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspects of 3D...

Contribution of Existing Documentation in 3D Cadastre

Over the last decades, land exploitation is getting more intense in order to satisfy public and private needs of modern societies. The intensification of 3D space exploitation includes complicated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) that need to be unambiguously registered. In this direction, the incorporation of 3D aspects of real...