The feasibility of csem monitoring in gas hydrate production of the range of porosity and saturation

Natural gas hydrates production tests over the last two decades has sown that production is not without risks. Indirect effects in the sedimentary rocks of phase changes are changes in porosity, permeability, and saturation. From a field production test site, porosity changes in the range of 15% to 19% and saturation from 5% to 60% were...

Examples of Seismic Shallow Subsurface Characterisation and Deep Electromagnetic Monitoring

Difficulties in detecting and characterising shallow objects close the surface with seismic shear waves are often problematic because of dominant surface waves. By sequencing a specific combination of two data driven processing steps followed by diffraction tomography can overcome these problems. Small scattering objects become visible in the...