Optimal flow for general multi-carrier energy systems, including load flow equations

Optimization is an important tool for the operation of an energy system. Multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) have recently become more important. Load flow (LF) equations are used within optimization to determine if physical network limits are violated. Due to nonlinearities, the solvability of the OF problem and the convergence of the...

Solving the Power Flow problem on Integrated Transmission-Distribution Networks: A Review and Numerical Assessment

Power ow simulations form an essential tool for electricity network analysis but conventional models are designed to work on a separated transmission or distribution network only. The continuing growth of electricity consumption, demand side participation, and renewable resources makes the electricity net- works co-dependent...

Scaling of the Steady-State Load Flow Equations for Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

Coupling single-carrier networks (SCNs) into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Steady-state load flow analysis of energy systems leads to a system of nonlinear equations, which is usually solved using the Newton-Raphson method (NR). Due to various physical scales within a SCN, and between different SCNs...

A graph-based model framework for steady-state load flow problems of general multi-carrier energy systems

Coupling single-carrier networks into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Conventional load flow models for the separate single-carrier networks are not able to capture the full extend of the coupling. Recently, different models for multi-carrier energy networks have been proposed, either using the energy...

Load flow computations for (integrated) Transmission and Distribution systems: A literature review

Electrical power systems are complex systems and traditionally modeled in two separate systems. Power is generated at the transmission system and at several substations converted to the distribution systems. The increasing amount of generation produced at distribution level can eventually effect the transmission network. An...

Optimal flow for general multi-carrier energy systems,including load flow equations

Optimization is an important tool for the operation of an energy system. Multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) have recently become more important. Load ow (LF) equations are used within optimization to determine if physical network limits are violated. The way these LF equations are included in the optimal ow (OF) problem,...

A graph-based framework for steady-state load flow analysis of multi-carrier

Energy systems are becoming more complex due to increased coupling between different networks, resulting in multi-carrier energy networks. Conventional models for the separate networks are not able to capture the full extent of the coupling. Recently, different models for multi-carrier networks have been proposed, either...