Staticstability of rubble mound breakwaters

It is not possible to design rubble mound structures employing complex blocks entirely from first principles. Each type of armour unit exploits properties like weight, interlocking, inter-block friction etc, in varying degrees to achieve stability. This is one of the reasons that the empirical formulae often used are inadequate and why most...

Umpqua jetty surveillance program

Construction methods utilized by the Portland District during its 80-year experience record of building rubblemound jetties are discus sed, along with design criteria that have been developed by the Corps of Engineers for required weight of individual stones in primary cover layer of rubblemound jetties. Results of the 1963 and 1964 continuing...