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Apostolidis, Dimitrios (author), Dyer, W.E. (author), Dransfeld, C.A. (author), Kumru, B. (author)Utilization of sustainable feedstocks to fabricate renewable thermosetting epoxy resins has been of great interest recently; however, their translation into composite structures and benchmark comparisons are poorly understood. Phloroglucinol is a phenolic molecule obtained from brown algae, and its epoxidized form is a high viscosity, high...journal article 2024
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Porot, Laurent (author)Bituminous binders are foreseen as colloidal dispersed systems characterised by high chemical complexity containing a plethora of molecules classified into maltenes and asphaltenes. The effect of these fractions on the overall response of bituminous binders remains elusive. This research selected two binders from the same refinery but with...journal article 2023
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Epoxy-asphalt (EA) attracted the attention of road authorities in many countries as a solution for open-graded porous surface layers with enhanced durability and longevity. This research presents an experimental programme to assess the durability of epoxy-modified open-graded porous asphalt (EMOGPA) mixes, emphasising the effects of the...journal article 2023
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Elwardany, Michael (author), Andriescu, Adrian (author), Mensching, David J. (author), Youtcheff, Jack (author)Glass transition parameters can be used to study the miscibility, or lack of it, in polymer-modified asphalt binders. In this study, the contribution of thermodynamics of mixing to glass transition was quantitatively assessed in a differential scanning calorimeter for four asphalt binders partially and fully replaced by an epoxy system. The...journal article 2023
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Nahar, S.N. (author), Porot, Laurent (author), Apostolidis, P. (author)In the past years, the use of liquid additives as bitumen modifiers has increased to tailor the rheology of bitumen for a wide range of applications. Their chemical composition and mutual interaction result in specific phase morphologies in the binders. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the phase morphology of complex binders and the impact of...journal article 2022
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Anupam, K. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author)Membranes of sufficient bonding characteristics could improve the integrity of the multi-layer structures on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSBDs), enhancing thus the structural response of these systems and, ultimately, their service life. In this research, full-scale experiments were performed at the LINTRACK accelerated pavement testing...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Airey, G.D. (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. Previous study has successfully implemented the micromechanics models in predicting the complex moduli of CRMB binders using more representative constituent parameters. In the regime of master...journal article 2022
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author)In this study, a series of viscosity tests were performed to investigate various conditions, i.e. temperature, shear rate and dilution level, on the curing behavior of epoxy bitumen. The results show that curing rate of epoxy bitumen increased with temperature; high shear rate would interfere the formation of crosslinks in epoxy bitumen,...journal article 2022
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Porot, Laurent (author), Mouillet, Virginie (author), Margaritis, Alexandros (author), Haghshena, Hamzeh (author), Elwardany, Michael (author), Apostolidis, P. (author)InfraRed spectrometry is a powerful technique to characterise bituminous binders. The methodology is not fully harmonised and may lead to vari-ability. The RILEM-272-PIM-TG1, evaluated seven complex bituminous, for which eleven laboratories performed FTIR. While, the spectra showed sim-ilar trends, further analysis was needed to improve...journal article 2022
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Jing, R. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Wang, Xuancang (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Lignin, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has been extensively studied as an additive in bituminous binders. Even though the lignin improves the overall resistance against oxidative aging of bitumen, it could lead to high thermal cracking sensitivity. In this study, a bio-oil (i.e., rapeseed oil) is implemented in lignin-modified...journal article 2022
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, Di (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Lu, Guoyang (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubberized asphaltic materials have been frequently combined with warm-mix asphalt technologies to tackle the issues of high energy consumptions and emissions during construction. Effective and accurate characterization of binder properties is conducive to the improvement of long-term pavement performance. The current study aims to quantify...journal article 2021
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, Robbert (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The rejuvenation of epoxy modified bituminous binders is a topic of much debate because such binders may not be able to melt at high temperatures and restore their properties using recycling agents. This paper presents the results of an experimental program developed to evaluate the re-usability of an epoxy modified bitumen, or epoxy bitumen, by...journal article 2021
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Gaffarel, Jérémie (author), Kadhum, Afrasiab (author), Fazaeli, Mohammad (author), Apostolidis, Dimitrios (author), Berger, Menno (author), Ciunaitis, Lukas (author), Helsdingen, Wieger (author), Landergren, Lasse (author), Lentner, Mateusz (author), Neeser, Jonathan (author), Trotta, Luca (author), Naeije, M.C. (author)With Mars colonisation becoming a reality for the near future, it is of importance to analyse how crew and cargo can be transported between Earth and a colony on Mars. This article is a feasibility and design study of a launch vehicle whose mission is to shuttle crew and cargo from Low Mars Orbit to a colony on the Martian surface. A single...journal article 2021
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Lin, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Ren, S. (author)Observing the microstructure of bituminous binders with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can contribute significantly to reveal the underlying rejuvenation mechanism. In this study, three rejuvenators were selected to regenerate the aged SBS modified binders at five dosages, and their rheology was evaluated using a dynamic...journal article 2021
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Li, Mingliang (author), Xu, Jian (author)Lignin, as a major waste from biofuel and paper industries, could be utilized as a modifier to enhance the relevant performance of bitumen. However, the effects of lignin on the thermodynamics properties and molecular structure of bitumen are rarely studied. Meanwhile, the potential modification mechanism of lignin modified bitumen is still...journal article 2021
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Elwardany, Michael (author), Porot, Laurent (author), Vansteenkiste, Stefan (author), Chailleux, Emmanuel (author)The RILEM TC 272 PIM (Phase and Interphase behavior of innovative bituminous Materials)—TG1 Binder has initiated an inter-laboratory program investigating the phase and interphase behaviour of bituminous binders. Within the scope, four laboratories evaluated the low temperature properties of seven binders with differential scanning calorimetry ...journal article 2021
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Jing, R. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Poeran, Natascha (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Organosolv lignin, a natural polymer, has been used in this study as an oxidation inhibitor in bitumen. Particularly, the effect of oxidative aging on the chemical compositional changes and on the rheology of bituminous binders with organosolv lignin and the impact to inhibit oxidation in bitumen were evaluated. Firstly, after analyzing the...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Zhu, Jiqing (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)Waste tire rubber has been incorporated into asphalt modification for decades due to its various benefits. There are two main mechanisms during bitumen–rubber interaction: rubber swelling and chemical degradation. This study surveys these two processes from the viewpoint of polymer science. The kinetics of rubber dissolution and...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging...journal article 2020