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Vaccaro, D. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), van der Linden, A. J. (author), van Leeuwen, B. J. (author), van der Hulst, P. (author), de Vries, C. P. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We report our most recent progress and demonstration of a frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) readout technology for transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays, both of which we have been developing in the framework of the X-IFU instrument on board the future Athena X-ray telescope. Using Ti/Au TES micro-calorimeters, high-Q LC filters and analog...journal article 2023
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Kounalakis, M. (author), Gottardi, Luciano (author), De Wit, Martin (author), Blanter, Y.M. (author)We theoretically predict and experimentally observe the onset of weak-link physics in the dynamical response of transition-edge sensors (TESs). We develop a theoretical framework based on a Fokker-Planck description that incorporates both the TESs electrical response, stemming from Josephson phenomena, and the electrothermal effects due to...journal article 2023
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Vaccaro, D. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), van der Kuur, J. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Taralli, E. (author), de Wit, M. (author), Ravensberg, K. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), den Herder, J. W.A. (author)We report on the x-ray background rate measured with transition-edge sensors (TES) micro-calorimeters under frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout as a possible technology for future experiments aiming at a direct detection of axion-like particles. Future axion helioscopes will make use of large magnets to convert axions into photons in...journal article 2023
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Vaccaro, D. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Gottardi, L (author), Van Der Kuur, J. (author), Taralli, E. (author), de Wit, M. (author), Bruijn, MP (author), den Hartog, R (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We present a characterization of the sensitivity of TES X-ray micro-calorimeters to environmental conditions under frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout. In the FDM scheme, each TES in a readout chain is in series with a LC band-pass filter and AC biased with an independent carrier at MHz range. Using TES arrays, cold readout circuitry and...journal article 2022
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de Wit, Martin (author), Gottardi, L (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), de Bruijn, M.P. (author), Ridder, M.L. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Vaccaro, D. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)In the early 2030s, ESAs new X-ray observatory, Athena, is scheduled to be launched. It will carry two main<br/>instruments, one of which is the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), an X-ray imaging spectrometer, which will consist of an array of several thousand transition-edge sensors (TESs) with a proposed energy resolution of 2.5 eV for photon...conference paper 2022
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Vaccaro, Davide (author), Akamatsu, Hiroki (author), Bruijn, Marcel (author), Gottardi, Luciano (author), Den Hartog, Roland (author), Van Der Kuur, Jan (author), Ridder, Marcel (author), De Wit, Martin (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We have measured and characterized the thermal crosstalk in two different arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters with frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout. The TES arrays are fabricated at SRON and are a 8 × 8 and a 32 × 32 'kilo-pixel' uniform array. The amount of crosstalk is evaluated as the ratio between the...journal article 2022
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Taralli, E. (author), de Wit, M. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Visser, S. (author), Ridder, M.L. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Vaccaro, D. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)Large arrays of transition edge sensors (TESs) are the baseline for a number of future space observatories. For instance, the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU) instrument on board the ATHENA space telescope will consist of ∼ 3000 TESs with high energy resolution (2eV at X-ray energies up to 7 keV). In this contribution we report on the...journal article 2022
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Nagayoshi, K. (author), de Wit, M. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Visser, S. (author), Ridder, M. L. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Vaccaro, D. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We report measured T<sub>c</sub> of superconducting Ti/Au bilayer strips with a width W varying from 5 to 50 µm. The strips were fabricated based on a Ti/Au bilayer that consists of a 41-nm-thick Ti layer to which a 280-nm-thick Au layer was added. We find that the T<sub>c</sub> drops as W decreases and the declining trend almost perfectly...journal article 2022
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de Wit, M. (author), Gottardi, L (author), Ridder, Marcel L. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Vaccaro, D. (author), den Herder, J. W.A. (author), de Bruijn, M.P. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)Transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeters and bolometers are used for a variety of applications.The sensors are based on the steep temperature-dependent resistance of the normal-to-superconducting transition, and are thus intrinsically sensitive to magnetic fields. Conventionally the detectors are shielded from stray magnetic fields using...journal article 2022
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D'andrea, Matteo (author), Taralli, Emanuele (author), Akamatsu, Hiroki (author), Gottardi, Luciano (author), Nagayoshi, Kenichiro (author), Ravensberg, Kevin (author), Ridder, Marcel L. (author), Vaccaro, Davide (author), De Vries, Cor P. (author), De Wit, Martin (author), Hoogeveen, Ruud W.M. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We are developing a kilo-pixels Ti/Au TES array as a backup option for Athena X-IFU. Here we report on single-pixel performance of a 32 × 32 array operated in a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) readout system, with bias frequencies in the range 1-5 MHz. We have tested the pixels response at several photon energies, by means of a 55Fe...journal article 2021
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de Wit, M. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Ridder, M.L. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Hoogeveen, R. W.M. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are the selected technology for future spaceborne x-ray observatories, such as Athena, Lynx, and HUBS. These missions demand thousands of pixels to be operated simultaneously with high energy-resolving power. To reach these demanding requirements, every aspect of the TES design has to be optimized. Here we...journal article 2021
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Taralli, E. (author), Pobes, C. (author), Khosropanah, P. (author), Fabrega, L. (author), Camón, A. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Ridder, M.L. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are used as very sensitive thermometers in microcalorimeters aimed at detection of different wavelengths. In particular, for soft X-ray astrophysics, science goals require very high-resolution microcalorimeters which can be achieved with TESs coupled to suitable absorbers. For many applications, there is also...journal article 2020
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Ridder, M. L. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Khosropanah, P. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), van der Kuur, J. (author), Ravensberg, K. (author), Visser, S. (author), Nieuwenhuizen, A. C.T. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), den Herder, J. W. (author)Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) are highly sensitive detectors. Based on the outstanding performance on spectral resolution, the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU) instrument on-board athena will be equipped with a large array of TES-based microcalorimeters. For optimal performance in terms of the energy resolution, it is...journal article 2020
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Development of a Ti/Au TES Microcalorimeter Array as a Backup Sensor for the Athena/X-IFU InstrumentNagayoshi, K. (author), Ridder, M. L. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Taralli, E. (author), Khosropanah, P. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Visser, S. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)We are developing a transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array based on a Ti/Au superconducting bilayer, as a backup option for the X-IFU instrument on the Athena X-ray observatory. The array is read out by a frequency-division multiplexing readout system using a 1–5 MHz frequency band. Extensive research collaborations between NASA...journal article 2019
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Taralli, E. (author), Khosropanah, P. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Nagayoshi, K. (author), Ridder, M. L. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Gao, J.R. (author)The next generation of Far-infrared and X-ray space observatories will require detector arrays with thousands of transition edge sensor (TES) pixel. It is extremely important to have a tool that is able to characterize all the pixels and that can give a clear picture of the performance of the devices. In particular, we refer to those aspects...journal article 2019
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Gottardi, L. (author), Smith, S.J. (author), Kozorezov, A. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Bruijn, M. P. (author), Chervenak, J. A. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Jackson, B. D. (author), Ridder, M. (author)Frequency-division multiplexing is the baseline read-out system for large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES’s) under development for the X-ray and infrared instruments like X-IFU (Athena) and SAFARI, respectively. In this multiplexing scheme, the sensors are ac-biased at different frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz and operate...journal article 2018
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García Martínez, M.F. (author), Marchi, M. (author), Tonni, L. (author), Gottardi, G. (author), Bezuijen, A. (author), Rosso, A. (author)The reliability of river embankments is essential for flood risk management. The Po River, which flows through the North of Italy, is safeguarded over half of its length by major river embankments. Performance assessment of such water-retaining structures has become a major concern following some significant flood events in the past. Among the...conference paper 2017
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Ahvenniemi, Esko (author), Akbashev, Andrew R. (author), Ali, Saima (author), Bechelany, Mikhael (author), Berdova, Maria (author), Boyadjiev, Stefan (author), Cameron, David C. (author), Chen, R. (author), Chubarov, Mikhail (author), Cremers, Veronique (author), Devi, Anjana (author), Drozd, Viktor (author), Elnikova, Liliya (author), Gottardi, Gloria (author), Grigoras, Kestutis (author), Hausmann, Dennis M. (author), Hwang, Cheol Seong (author), Jen, Shih Hui (author), Kallio, Tanja (author), Kanervo, Jaana (author), Khmelnitskiy, Ivan (author), Kim, Do Han (author), Klibanov, Lev (author), Koshtyal, Yury (author), Krause, A. Outi I (author), Kuhs, Jakob (author), Kärkkänen, Irina (author), Kääriäinen, Marja Leena (author), Kääriäinen, Tommi (author), Lamagna, Luca (author), Łapicki, Adam A. (author), Leskelä, Markku (author), Lipsanen, Harri (author), Lyytinen, Jussi (author), Malkov, Anatoly (author), Malygin, Anatoly (author), Mennad, Abdelkader (author), Militzer, Christian (author), Molarius, Jyrki (author), Norek, Małgorzata (author), Özgit-Akgün, Çaǧla (author), Panov, Mikhail (author), Pedersen, Henrik (author), Piallat, Fabien (author), Popov, Georgi (author), Puurunen, Riikka L. (author), Rampelberg, Geert (author), Ras, Robin H A (author), Rauwel, Erwan (author), Roozeboom, Fred (author), Sajavaara, Timo (author), Salami, Hossein (author), Savin, Hele (author), Schneider, Nathanaelle (author), Seidel, Thomas E. (author), Sundqvist, Jonas (author), Suyatin, Dmitry B. (author), Törndahl, Tobias (author), van Ommen, J.R. (author), Wiemer, Claudia (author), Ylivaara, Oili M E (author), Yurkevich, Oksana (author)Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and...review 2017
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Khosropanah, P (author), Suzuki, T. (author), Ridder, M. L. (author), Hijmering, R. A. (author), Akamatsu, H. (author), Gottardi, L (author), Van Der Kuur, J. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Jackson, B. D. (author)SRON is developing ultra-low noise Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN island with SiN legs for the SAFARI instrument aboard the SPICA mission. We successfully fabricated TESs with very narrow (0.5-0.7 μm) and thin (0.25 μm) SiN legs on different sizes of SiN islands using deep...conference paper 2016
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Lindeman, M.A. (author), Khosropanah, P. (author), Hijmering, R.A. (author), Ridder, M. (author), Gottardi, L. (author), Bruijn, M. (author), Van der Kuur, J. (author), De Korte, P.A.J. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Hoevers, H. (author)Transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers are the chosen detector technology for the SAFARI Imaging Spectrometer on the SPICA telescope. For this mission, SRON is developing bolometers, each consisting of a TiAu TES that is weakly coupled to the thermal bath through thin legs of silicon nitride. In order to understand and optimize the bolometer...journal article 2012
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