Artificial Biocatalysis: Quo Vadis?

Astonishing progress has been achieved in unlocking new-to-nature biocatalysis in the past decades. The progress in protein engineering enabled research to efficiently incorporate artificial structural elements into enzyme design. Recent trends include cofactor mimetics, artificial metalloenzymes and non-canonical amino acids. In this...

The effects of smoothing length on the onset of wave breaking in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of highly directionally spread waves

Ocean wave breaking is a difficult-to-model oceanographic process, which has implications for extreme wave statistics, the dissipation of wave energy, and air–sea interaction. Numerical methods capable of reliably simulating real-world directionally spread breaking waves are useful for investigating the physics of wave breaking and for the...

Highly directionally spread, overturning breaking waves modelled with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: A case study involving the Draupner wave

Wave breaking in the ocean affects the height of extreme waves, energy dissipation, and interaction between the atmosphere and upper ocean. Numerical modelling is a critical step in understanding the physics of wave breaking and offers insight that is hard to gain from field data or experiments. High-fidelity numerical modelling of three...

The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences

There is great interest in the restoration and conservation of coastal habitats for protection from flooding and erosion. This is evidenced by the growing number of analyses and reviews of the effectiveness of habitats as natural defences and increasing funding world-wide for nature-based defences-i.e. restoration projects aimed at coastal...

Quantification of measurement errors, model and scale effects related to overtopping

CLASH is concentrating on investigations of wave overtopping for different structures in prototype and in laboratory. The model investigations have focussed on wave overtopping and the comparison of overtopping results from small-scale model tests and prototype measurements. Possible differences in the results from small-scale tests and...

Free surface numerical modelling of wave interaction with coastal structures

The main objective of Workpackage 5 is to use numerical simulation of wave overtopping in order to solve the problem of suspected scale effects. A second, related, objective is to improve existing codes in such a way as they are able to simulate wave overtopping in a reliable way. The final, single, objective is to numerically model long waves...