Upgrade or replace?: The effect of the EPBD on the choice between improvement or replacement

What is better: improvement or replacement by new construction? The choice between life cycle extension and replacement of existing buildings is at itself a vital but very difficult decision, involving a wide range of different aspects and affecting several contrary and often conflicting interests. The emerging ecological awareness of the...

Surgical Quay-wall Renovation

This paper describes an innovative approach towards quay wall renovation design. In the “RDM Kraanbaan 13” project in Rotterdam, significant cost savings were made and environmental impact was minimised, while on a tight schedule and with limited information about the structure and its future use. Essential were a very practical and flexible...

The search for the most eco-efficient strategies for sustainable housing transformations