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De Herdt, Lode (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Yu, Y. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Dong, J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)A simple and low-cost Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) demonstrator is developed for the purpose of studying the impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging on low voltage distribution grids. An energy saving power circulating method with potential bi-directional function is proposed in this study as well. The distribution grid under test runs on...conference paper 2021
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Shekhar, A. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bandyopadhyay, S. (author), Bauer, P. (author)DC traction networks that supply power to trolley-buses, tramcars and trains can be simultaneously used to integrate fast-charging stations for Electric Vehicles (EVs). This strategy improves the traction grid utilization of urban transportation systems. In addition, it offers a potential solution to the increasing requirement of charging...conference paper 2021
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Wagh, Saumitra (author), Yu, Y. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can improve the loading characteristics of low voltage distribution grids with high Photovoltaic (PV) penetration. This impact is investigated in the paper from two point of views, namely, the EV charger type and the EV penetration level. Based on the measured usage data for home, public and semi-public...conference paper 2021
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Wu, Y. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The grid reinforcement and energy redirection needs have led to the emergence of Back-To-Back Voltage Source Converter (BTB-VSC) based dc power routers. This paper investigates the low frequency Common Mode Currents (CMCs) that arise in the system if the employed BTB-VSCs have an un-isolated ac path connected in parallel to their output ports....conference paper 2021
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Wu, Y. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Xu, J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)LCL filter is widely adopted for strict standard compliance of grid-tied voltage source converters (VSCs). The third order low-pass filtering provides great attenuation for the high frequency harmonics generated by the power electronics guaranteeing low output currents noise injection into the grid. A major concern of the implementation of the...conference paper 2021
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Hybrid ac–dc reconfigurable link technology can find interesting applications in medium-voltage power distribution. These are networks having dc links operating in parallel alongside ac links with post-fault reconfiguration capability. A given system can operate in different configurations while maintaining equivalent capacity during (n−1)...journal article 2020
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Hybrid ac-dc distribution systems with multiple parallel operating ac and dc links are being developed to maximize system capacity during (n-1) contingencies. This paper shows that offline reconfigurability between such ac and dc links post-fault clearance allows an additional design flexibility of reducing the required substation converter...journal article 2020
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Yu, Y. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Refa, Nazir (author), Bernards, Raoul (author)This study aims to quantity the impact of uncontrolled charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the low voltage distribution networks with increasing EV penetration levels. For this objective, key indicators are developed to show the magnitude, scale and duration of the impact on the distribution network. The disseminated results are based on the...conference paper 2020
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Wu, Y. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Back-To-Back (B2B) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with AC-side LCL filters can be adopted for parallel AC-DC distribution links. In this paper, Grid-side Current Control (GCC) for the inner/fast control loops of the front- and backend power electronics are implemented in order to enhance the system performance against grid disturbances. Herein,...conference paper 2019
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)During the operation of a three line ac link in parallel with a ac-dc-ac link system that employs Back-to-Back (B2B)Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), a path for the low frequency zero sequence currents is shown to exist. Apart from causing additional losses, these currents can result in limitations on power capacity. A...conference paper 2019
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Shekhar, A. (author), Beloqui Larumbe, L. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Wu, Y. (author), Bauer, P. (author)There is an increasing focus on integrating flexible dc links for bulk power routing in medium voltage distribution grids. In such applications, the ac-dc Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) devised for medium voltage and high-power ratings can be an interesting choice. This paper highlights some less explored design trade-offs arising due to...conference paper 2019
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Prasanth, V. (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Visser, E.R.A. (author), Scheele, Natalia (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Silvester, S. (author)Development of electric mobility and sustainable energy result in new technologies such as contactless electric vehicle charging and roadway energy harvesting methods, but also self-healing asphalt roads. By combining these technologies a new concept of Future Sustainable Roads for Electric Mobility is created and presented in the paper. This...journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Kumaravel, Vinod Kumar (author), Klerks, Stan (author), de Wit, Sten (author), Prasanth, V. (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Zeman, M. (author)Solar road technology provides an opportunity to harvest the vast, albeit dispersed, photovoltaic (PV) energy, while maximizing the land utilization. Deriving experience from the pioneering 70-m solar bike path installed in the Netherlands, this paper highlights the operational challenges and performance parameters using the first-year...journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Kontos, E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)A practical issue faced by today's ac grid is the rapidly growing power demand on its aging infrastructure. One possibility to maximize the capacity of the existing infrastructure is to refurbish the ac links to operate under dc conditions using modular multilevel converters. In this paper, the idea is applied to restructure an actual medium...conference paper 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Feng, X. (author), Hebner, R. (author), Gattozzi, A. (author), Strank, S. (author), Mor, A. R. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The thermal behavior of medium voltage dc cables can find useful applications for efficient and capacity enhanced operation in cities as well as compact power transmission on all electric ships. Concepts such as dynamic current and voltage rating, difference in thermal proximity in ac and dc operation, pulsed load application and thermal...conference paper 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The role of MVDC links for distribution network expansion is important. The distribution network operators (DNOs) can maximize the power transfer capacity of existing grid infrastructure during (n-1] contingencies using reconfigurable parallel ac-dc architecture. In addition this concept involves a range of efficiency, reliability and...conference paper 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Back-to-back Modular multilevel converters (MMC) for medium voltage dc (MVDC) distribution link applications offer exciting opportunities due to its superior harmonic performance and high efficiency. Based on the steady state equations, it is shown that under specific active and reactive power operation, an increase in dc link voltage can be...conference paper 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Feng, Xianyong (author), Kontos, E. (author), Bauer, P. (author)While the scientific community recognizes the benefits of DC power transfer, the distribution network operators point out the practical and economic constraints in refurbishing the existing AC network at a medium-voltage level. Some apprehensions like reliability, cost of ownership, and safety in adopting a universal DC distribution may merit...journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bandyopadhyay, S. (author), Mackay, L.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Low voltage dc distribution grids face issues associated with arc faults, aggravated by the absence of current zero crossing. The focus of this paper is to comprehensively develop a method of series arc fault detection at the load side power electronics, based on the electrode dependent initial voltage drop occurring at the arc initiation....journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)An important step in Voltage-Source Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) design is the selection of adequate semiconductor blocking voltage class. This paper highlights that particularly for grid connected medium voltage applications, the choice of suitable switch blocking voltage class is not so straightforward. The market available switch...conference paper 2018