Jaap Bakema’s Open Society in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Appraisal of ’t Hool, the Netherlands and Montbau, Spain

The concept of the Open Society appeared in the CIAM discourse of the 1950s as an attempt to create condition in the city for society to prosper. These good intentions at the theoretical level did not always translate into success stories in practice, and some of the consequences of such a gap can be still felt today, amplified by multiple...