Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the spine: improved breach detection with angulated fibers

Accuracy in spinal fusion varies greatly depending on the experience of the physician. Real-time tissue feedback with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been shown to provide cortical breach detection using a conventional probe with two parallel fibers. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations and optical phantom experiments were conducted to...

Steering light in fiber-optic medical devices: a patent review

Introduction: Steering light is relevant to many medical applications that require tissue illumination, sensing, or modification. To control the propagation direction of light beams, a great variety of innovative fiber-optic medical devices have been designed. Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent...