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Electrochemical CO₂ reduction on a copper foam electrode at elevated pressures

Girichandran, N. (author), Saedy, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction is a promising way of closing the carbon cycle while synthesizing useful commodity chemicals and fuels. One of the possible routes to scale up the process is CO₂ reduction at elevated pressure, as this is a way to increase the concentration of poorly soluble CO₂ in aqueous systems...

journal article 2024

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Challenges and opportunities for CO2 electroreduction from a process systems engineering perspective

Dal Mas, R. (author), Somoza Tornos, A. (author), Pérez-Fortes, Mar (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Kiss, A.A. (author)

Despite the huge efforts devoted to the development of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ECO2R) in the past decade, still many challenges are present, hindering further approaches to industrial applications. This paper gives a perspective on these challenges from a Process Systems Engineering (PSE) standpoint, while at the same time...

journal article 2024

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Enhancing the durability of Pt nanoparticles for water electrolysis using ultrathin SiO2 layers

Li, M. (author), Saedy, S. (author), Fu, S. (author), Stellema, T.P. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), van Ommen, J.R. (author)

Extending the lifetime of electrocatalytic materials is a major challenge in electrocatalysis. Here, we employ atomic layer deposition (ALD) to coat the surface of carbon black supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/CB) with an ultra-thin layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2) to prevent deactivation of the catalyst during H2 evolution. Our results show...

journal article 2024

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Experimental screening of intermetallic alloys for electrochemical CO₂ reduction

van den Berg, D. (author), Brouwer, J.C. (author), Hendrikx, R.W.A. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

In this study, we experimentally screen a promising class of intermetallic alloys for the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ toward hydrocarbon products. Based on previous DFT-based screening papers, combinations of strongly CO-binding metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel with weakly CO-binding metals such as gallium, aluminium or...

journal article 2024

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A Quantitative Analysis of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper in Organic Amide and Nitrile-Based Electrolytes

Sajeev Kumar, A. (author), Moura de Salles Pupo, M. (author), Petrov, K.V. (author), Ramdin, M. (author), van Ommen, J.R. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Aqueous electrolytes used in CO2 electroreduction typically have a CO2 solubility of around 34 mM under ambient conditions, contributing to mass transfer limitations in the system. Non-aqueous electrolytes exhibit higher CO2 solubility (by 5–8-fold) and also provide possibilities to suppress the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). On...

journal article 2023

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The effect of surface conditions on the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of bimetallic AuPd electrocatalysts

van den Berg, D. (author), Izelaar, B. (author), Fu, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Most research into electrochemical CO2 conversion focusses on improving electrode materials, but neglects the role of the electrolyte. We show the buffer influence on the selectivity of a bimetallic gold–palladium electrode in an effort to elucidate observed inconsistencies between different studies. While hydrocarbons are produced in the...

journal article 2023

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Electrochemical cell design and performance evaluation of polyvinyl ferrocene/carbon nanotube electrodes for selective formate separation

Polat, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Eral, H.B. (author)

Selective ion separation is a fundamental challenge with applications ranging from the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals & industrial salts to water desalination. In particular, the separation of formate, a primary product of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, has attracted attention not only to reduce carbon emissions and energy...

journal article 2023

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Identification, Quantification, and Elimination of NO_x and NH₃ Impurities for Aqueous and Li-Mediated Nitrogen Reduction Experiments

Izelaar, B. (author), Ripepi, D. (author), van Noordenne, D.D. (author), Jungbacker, M.P. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Mulder, F.M. (author)

journal article 2023

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Tuning the Properties of N-Doped Biochar for Selective CO₂ Electroreduction to CO

Fu, S. (author), Li, M. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon catalysts have been widely studied for electrochemical CO₂ reduction to CO. However, the correlation between the physicochemical properties of N-doped carbon catalysts and their electrocatalytic performance for the CO₂RR is still unclear. Herein, a series of N-doped biochar catalysts with...

journal article 2023

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Towards Higher NH₃ Faradaic Efficiency: Selective-Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co-Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

Li, M. (author), Verkuil, Jarco (author), Bunea, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Urakawa, A. (author)

Direct electroreduction of nitric oxide offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals, such as ammonia, which is an essential chemical to produce fertilizers. Direct ammonia synthesis from NO in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is advantageous for its continuous operation and excellent mass transport characteristics...

journal article 2023

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Design of an elevated pressure electrochemical flow cell for CO₂ reduction

Morrison, A.R.T. (author), Girichandran, N. (author), Wols, Quincy (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Abstract: The electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) has been proposed as a sustainable way of closing the carbon cycle while synthesizing useful commodity chemicals. One of the possible routes to scale up the process is the elevated pressure CO₂RR, as this increases the concentration of the poorly...

journal article 2023

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Revisiting the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction on Molybdenum and Iron Carbides: Promising Catalysts or False Positives?

Izelaar, B. (author), Ripepi, D. (author), Asperti, S. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Hendrikx, R.W.A. (author), Bottger, A.J. (author), Mulder, F.M. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

The electrochemical dinitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has recently gained much interest as it can potentially produce ammonia from renewable intermittent electricity and replace the Haber-Bosch process. Previous literature studies report Fe- and Mo-carbides as promising electrocatalysts for the NRR with activities higher than other metals....

journal article 2023

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Unravelling the Effect of Activators used in The Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrocatalysts on the Electrocatalytic Performance for CO₂ Reduction

Fu, S. (author), Li, M. (author), Asperti, S. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

N-doped carbon materials can be efficient and cost-effective catalysts for the electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). Activators are often used in the synthesis process to increase the specific surface area and porosity of these carbon materials. However, owing to the diversity of activators and the differences...

journal article 2023

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Optimization and continuous-flow operation of electrochemically mediated selective formate separation by polyvinyl ferrocene/graphene oxide electrodes

Polat, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Eral, H.B. (author)

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction is a promising route to convert intermittent renewable energy into fuels and valuable chemical products. Separation of CO₂ reduction products by ion-selective electrochemical technology may play a decisive role in the pursuit of commercially viable CO₂ reduction...

journal article 2023

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Electrochemical CO₂ capture can finally compete with amine-based capture

Vermaas, D.A. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Electrochemical CO₂ capture is promising for closing the carbon cycle but needs technological advances. In a recent issue of Nature Energy, a novel chemistry for electrochemical CO₂ capture is presented, demonstrating low energy consumption and high purity with virtually no degradation. This finally allows competition...

journal article 2023

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Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction on Copper in Propylene Carbonate: Influence of Water Content and Temperature on the Product Distribution

Burgers, I.A.E. (author), Pérez-Gallent, Elena (author), Goetheer, Earl (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

Aqueous electrolytes are most commonly used for the CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), but suffer from a low CO₂ solubility that limits the reaction. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction in nonaqueous electrolytes can provide a solution, due to the higher CO₂ solubility of organic solvent-based...

journal article 2023

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Ultrasound-promoted preparation of polyvinyl ferrocene-based electrodes for selective formate separation: Experimental design and optimization

Polat, S. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), Eral, H.B. (author)

The selective separation of ions is a major technological challenge having far-ranging impacts from product separation in electrochemical production of base chemicals from CO₂ to water purification. In recent years, ion-selective electrochemical systems leveraging redox-materials emerged as an attractive platform based on their...

journal article 2022

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A novel design method for wave-induced fatigue of flood gates

Kleiberg, T.N.J. (author), Tieleman, Orson (author), Versluis, Marco (author), Kortlever, Wim (author), ten Oever, Erik (author), Hofland, Bas (author)

This paper presents a novel design method to predict fatigue of flood gates due to dynamic wave loading. The accumulation of fatigue damage is predicted probabilistically over the entire lifetime of the structure rather than with a set of normative events. Load events are defined using a joint probability distribution of historical wind and...

journal article 2022

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Surface Coverage as an Important Parameter for Predicting Selectivity Trends in Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Morrison, A.R.T. (author), Ramdin, M. (author), van den Broeke, L.J.P. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is important for a sustainable future. Key insights into the reaction pathways have been obtained by density functional theory (DFT) analysis, but so far, DFT has been unable to give an overall understanding of selectivity trends without important caveats. We show that an unconsidered...

journal article 2022

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Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂to Oxalic Acid: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics

Boor, Vera (author), Frijns, Jeannine E.B.M. (author), Laitinen, Antero T. (author), Goetheer, Earl (author), van den Broeke, L.J.P. (author), Kortlever, R. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Moultos, O. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author), Ramdin, M. (author)

We performed H-cell and flow cell experiments to study the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to oxalic acid (OA) on a lead (Pb) cathode in various nonaqueous solvents. The effects of anolyte, catholyte, supporting electrolyte, temperature, water content, and cathode potential on the Faraday efficiency (FE), current density (CD), and product...

journal article 2022