Part IV - Ch 3 Ports and terminals

Identifying ecosystem-based alternatives for the design of a seaports marine infrastructure: The case of tema port expansion in Ghana

Long-term sustainable port development requires accounting for the intrinsic values of ecosystems. However, in practice, ecosystem considerations often only enter the planning and design process of ports when required by an Environmental Impact Assessment. At this late stage, most of the design is already fixed and opportunities to minimize...

Towards an ecosystem based port design process: lessons learnt from Tema Port, Ghana

Connecting to the trend of harmonization of port developments with nature, this paper presents a framework for the explicit inclusion of ecosystem based alternatives in the early planning and design stages of seaport developments. The framework aims to shift the focus from offsetting environmental impacts afterwards to avoidance and reduction of...