Numerical analysis of train-track-subgrade dynamic performance with crumb rubber in ballast layer

Crumb rubber (CR) has been proposed to apply in the ballast or sub-ballast layer for ballast degradation mitigation and vibration (noise) reduction. The CR can change the ballast layer stiffness, which can affect the train-track-subgrade dynamic performance and cause travel comfort and safety issues. Towards this, this study aims at...