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Zapata Arango, Mateo (author), Hoppe, T. (author), Itten, A.V. (author), Blok, K. (author)Background<br/>At the COP21, cities were recognised as key actors in combatting climate change. In supporting cities, climate city networks such as transnational climate networks (TCNs) and national climate networks (NCNs) have emerged to enable cities in building capacities and formulating climate policy whilst also encouraging citizen...journal article 2024
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Lavidas, G. (author), Delgado Elizundia, F. (author), Blok, K. (author)Wave energy is a rich and highly accessible renewable energy resource, that has largely been under-developed. Studies from the sector have tried to show the potential of benefits wave energy in “simple cases” or via small hybrid systems, the large scale incorporation of wave energy has not yet been fully investigated. Our approach uses a fully...conference paper 2023
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Blok, K. (author)Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is an emerging renewable energy technology using the ocean’s heat to produce electricity. Given its early development stage, OTEC’s economics are still uncertain and there is no global assessment of its economic potential, yet. Here, we present the model pyOTEC that designs OTEC plants for best economic...journal article 2023
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Ruiz Manuel, I. (author), Blok, K. (author)Corporate climate initiatives such as the Science-Based Targets initiative and RE100 have gained significant prominence in recent years, with considerable increases in membership and several ex-ante studies stating how they could bring substantive emissions reductions beyond national goals. However, studies evaluating their progress are scarce,...journal article 2023
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Roosenboom-Kwee, Z. (author), Zhou, Y. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Ashqar, Ziad (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Praktiknjo, Aaron (author), Blok, K. (author)Geospatial analysis is useful for mapping the potential of renewables like solar PV. However, recent studies do not address PV’s bankable potential for which project financing can be secured. This paper proposes a framework that incorporates project finance into geospatial analyses to obtain the bankable potential of renewables. We demonstrate...journal article 2023
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Dumont, Marina (author), Wang, Ranran (author), Wenzke, Diana (author), Blok, K. (author), Heijungs, Reinout (author)High-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) are an emerging technology to improve overall process efficiency and reduce energy demand while enabling a switch from fossil fuels to renewable electricity. New industrial HTHP technologies aim to achieve an output heat temperature of 250 °C, suitable for decarbonising the food and beverages industry...journal article 2023
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Blok, K. (author), Ramirez, Andrea (author), Tanzer, Samantha Eleanor (author)Negative emission technologies such as biomass with carbon capture and storage (bioCCS) may become an important instrument to limit global warming. Currently, estimates of CO2 avoidance cost for bioCCS vary widely. Using a case study of a cement plant, this paper illustrates how this variance is partially attributable to the system boundary...journal article 2023
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de La Beaumelle, Nils Angliviel (author), Blok, K. (author), de Chalendar, Jacques A. (author), Clarke, Leon (author), Hahmann, Andrea N. (author), Huster, Jonathan (author), Nemet, Gregory F. (author), Suri, Dhruv (author), Wild, Thomas B. (author), Azevedo, Inês M.L. (author)Renewable electricity generation will need to be rapidly scaled to address climate change and other environmental challenges. Doing so effectively will require an understanding of resource availability. We review estimates for renewable electricity of the global technical potential, defined as the amount of electricity that could be produced...review 2023
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Zaaijer, M B (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Blok, K. (author)Onshore wind potentials are commonly mapped with site selection criteria that either fully include or exclude land for wind farms. However, current research rarely addresses the variability of these criteria, possibly resulting in overly conservative or optimistic potentials. This paper proposes a method to account for the variability of site...journal article 2022
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Delgado Elizundia, F. (author), Lavidas, G. (author), Blok, K. (author)Many questions remain regarding the exploitation of wave energy and its interaction with our energy systems. Particularly about their likely role in future multi-renewable power systems, given the resource’s abundance, predictability, and high energy density. The objective of this paper is to present the expansion of the renewable energy...conference paper 2022
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Herth, A. (author), Blok, K. (author)Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of the carbon footprint of the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), including direct and indirect emissions from utilities, logistics and purchases, as well as a discussion about the commonly used method. Emissions are presented in three scopes (scope 1 reports...journal article 2022
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Blok, K. (author)Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a promising renewable energy technology that is the most economical at large scale. But contemporary literature does not address how OTEC could reach such scale with current technology, and what the techno-economic impact of location-dependent factors and technological learning are. This paper tackles...journal article 2022
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Simanjuntak, Sergio (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Jarquin Laguna, A. (author), Lavidas, G. (author), Polinder, H. (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Rahayu, Harkunti Pertiwi (author), Blok, K. (author)The current focus of offshore wind industry and academia lies on regions with strong winds, neglecting areas with mild resources. Photovoltaics' cost reductions have shown that even mild resources can be harnessed economically, especially where electricity prices are high. Here, we study the technical and economic potential of offshore wind...journal article 2022
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- Langer, J.K.A. (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Blok, K. (author) conference paper 2021
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Lavidas, G. (author), Blok, K. (author)Wave energy is one of the most dense, predictable, and persistent energy sources, that has gone under-utilised, with many countries exposed to it. Depending on orientation with regards of coastal fronts to swells, resources can be characterised as high, moderate, and low. Wave energy can provide significant benefits as renewables acquire more...conference paper 2021
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Cahyaningwidi, Aida Astuti (author), Chalkiadakis, Charis (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Hoes, O.A.C. (author), Blok, K. (author)Indonesia strives for a renewable energy share of 23% by 2025. One option to contribute to this goal is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Despite a global theoretical potential of up to 30 TW, its economically deployable share remains unknown. This paper proposes a novel methodology, which enables to determine OTEC's economic potential...journal article 2021
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Blok, K. (author)Indonesia has an increasing electricity demand that is mostly met with fossil fuels. Although Indonesia plans to ramp up Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), implementation has been slow. This is unfortunate, as the RET potential in Indonesia might be higher than currently assumed given the archipelago’s size. However, there is no literature...review 2021
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Tanzer, Samantha Eleanor (author), Blok, K. (author), Ramirez, Andrea (author)Purpose of Review: This paper reviews recent literature on the combined use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in the industries of steel, cement, paper, ethanol, and chemicals, focusing on estimates of potential costs and the possibility of achieving “negative emissions”. Recent Findings: Bioethanol is seen as a potential near...review 2021
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van den Berg, Paulien (author), Scholten, D.J. (author), Schachter, Jonathan (author), Blok, K. (author)A dynamic and fast-changing environment brings challenges for generating long-term scenarios. Although the need to update scenarios for decision-making is recognized, a structured way for executing this process remains unclear. To configure a solution, we propose two concepts that need to be introduced: 1) that scenarios consist of a multi...journal article 2021
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Altenburg, M.D. (author), Schure, Klara M. (author), Blok, K. (author)There is significant emission reduction potential in the Dutch vegetable oil and fat industry, which consists of seven companies each producing more than 10 kt CO2 per year, emitting a total of 0.36 Mt CO2 in 2018. Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) curves are constructed to provide an overview of the most cost-effective decarbonisation options. Both...journal article 2021
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