Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale...

Dynamic Frequency Support for Low Inertia Power Systems by Renewable Energy Hubs with Fast Active Power Regulation

This paper concerns the feasibility of Fast Active Power Regulation (FAPR) in renewable energy hubs. Selected state-of-the-art FAPR strategies are applied to various controllable devices within a hub, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) farm and an electrolyzer acting as a responsive load. Among the selected strategies are droop-based FAPR, droop...

Fast Active Power-Frequency Support Methods by Large Scale Electrolyzers for Multi-Energy Systems

This paper presents a comparative assessment of fast active power regulation (FAPR) control strategies implemented on megawatt-scale controllable electrolysers, with the goal of achieving enhanced frequency support during large active power imbalances that lead to major under-frequency deviations. The FAPR control strategies consist of three...

X-type step-up multi-level inverter with reduced component count based on switched-capacitor concept

This paper aims to present a novel switched-capacitor multi-level inverter. The presented structure generates a staircase near sinusoidal AC voltage by using a single DC source and a few capacitors to step-up the input voltage. The nearest level control (NLC) strategy is used to control the operation of the converter. These switching states...

Modelling of large-sized electrolysers for realtime simulation and study of the possibility of frequency support by electrolysers

Hydrogen as an energy carrier holds promising potential for future power systems. An excess of electrical power from renewables can be stored as hydrogen, which can be used at a later moment by industries, households or the transportation system. The stability of the power system could also benefit from electrolysers as these have the...

Dual-input photovoltaic system based on parallel z-source inverters

This paper aims to present a new structure of the parallel Z-source inverters (ZSIs) for dual-input single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The ZSI is a single-stage buck-boost converter that uses an inductor-capacitor network between the inverter bridge and the PV string and follows the maximum power point by applying the...

Exploitation of Power-to-Gas for Ancillary Services Provision in the Netherlands

In the future energy system, hydrogen as an energy carrier will play a role of increasing importance. Electrical energy can be converted into hydrogen locally by electrolysers and stored for a relatively long period. Then, the hydrogen can be used by final consumers like the transportation system or industries, as conceptually illustrated in Fig...

A New Modular Multilevel Inverter Based on Step-Up Switched-Capacitor Modules

A new structure of switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) capable of voltage boosting and with self-balancing ability is introduced in this article. This advantage is the result of a step by step rise of capacitor voltages in each module, supplied by just one DC voltage source. The proposed topology generates a sinusoidal output...

An Asymmetrical Step-Up Multilevel Inverter Based on Switched-Capacitor Network

This paper presents a transformerless step-upmultilevel inverter based on a switched-capacitor structure. One of the main contributions of the proposed topology is replacing the separated DC voltage sourcewith capacitorswhich are charged at predetermined time intervals. Therefore, a high-level staircase voltage waveform can be achieved by...

Control of MMC-based STATCOM as an effective interface between energy sources and the power grid

This paper presents a dynamic model of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), which are considered as an effective interface between energy sources and the power grid. By improving the converter performance, appropriate reactive power compensation is guaranteed. Modulation indices are calculated based on detailed harmonic evaluations of both...