On the Efficacy of Compact Radar Transponders for InSAR Geodesy: Results of Multiyear Field Tests

Compact and low-cost radar transponders are an attractive alternative to corner reflectors (CRs) for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation monitoring, datum connection, and geodetic data integration. Recently, such transponders have become commercially available for C-band sensors, which poses relevant questions on...

Estimating Signal-to-Clutter Ratio of InSAR Corner Reflectors From SAR Time Series

The estimation of Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR) of a radar point target, such as a corner reflector, is an essential step for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry and positioning, as it influences the phase measurement variance as well as the absolute positioning precision. The standard method to estimate the SCR of a point target...

Integrated monitoring of subsidence due to hydrocarbon production: Consolidating the foundation

This paper describes several geodetic studies that consolidate the reliability and precision of monitoring subsidence due to hydrocarbon production: the deployment of Integrated Geodetic Reference Stations (IGRS); the application of high resolution InSAR; the comparison of different GNSS processing methodologies; the implementation of an...

Subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Ground surface dynamics is one of the processes influencing the future of the Wadden Sea area. Vertical land movement, both subsidence and heave, is a direct contributor to changes in the relative sea level. It is defined as the change of height of the Earth's surface with respect to a vertical datum. In the Netherlands, The Normaal Amsterdams...

First analysis of C-band ECR transponders for InSAR geodesy

Well-identifiable reference benchmarks are important in SAR interferometry to enable linking between different measurement techniques, or to enable datum connection between the local InSAR datum and Terrestrial Reference Systems. As corner reflectors for C-band are rather large, weather sensitive, and difficult to maintain over time frames of...

Standardization and Integration of InSAR and other Geodetic Data for Deformation Analysis

InSAR datum connection using GNSS-augmented radar transponders

Deformation estimates from Interferometric Synthetic<br/>Aperture Radar (InSAR) are relative: they form a ‘free’<br/>network referred to an arbitrary datum, e.g. by assuming a reference<br/>point in the image to be stable. However, some applications<br/>require ‘absolute’ InSAR estimates, i.e. expressed in<br/>a well-defined terrestrial...