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De Bruijn, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Happee, R. (author)Background: Musculoskeletal models served to analyze head–neck motion and injury during automotive impact. Although muscle activation is known to affect the kinematic response, a model with properly validated muscle contributions does not exist to date. The goal of this study was to enhance a musculoskeletal neck model and to validate passive...journal article 2015