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Nordhoff, S. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)Automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) is a necessary condition for the realisation of higher-level objectives such as improvements in road safety, reductions in traffic congestion and environmental pollution. On the basis of a systematic literature review of 124 empirical studies, the present study proposes MAVA, a multi-level model to predict...review 2019
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de Winkel, K.N. (author), Talsma, Tessa M.W. (author), Happee, R. (author)Driving simulators are an increasingly important tool to develop vehicle functionalities and to study driver or passenger responses. A major hindrance to the use and validity of such studies is Simulator Sickness (SS). Several studies have suggested a positive relation between improvements in simulator fidelity and the likelihood of sickness....review 2022
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Tabone, W. (author), Happee, R. (author), García De Pedro, Jorge (author), Lee, Yee Mun (author), Lupetti, M.L. (author), Merat, Natasha (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Nine AR interfaces designed using an experience- based, and theoretically informed design approach, were presented in an online questionnaire for user evaluation.<br/>Statistical analysis of presented measures, and the computation of an overall composite score revealed a preference towards traditional and familiar traffic elements.poster 2022
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Subjective and objective descriptions of driving scenes in support of driver-automation interactionsCabrall, C.D.D. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Background: Recent advances in the growing domain of automated driving suggest the need for thoughtful design of human-computer interaction strategies. For example, human drivers can process scene variability on implicit levels, but automated systems require explicit rule-based judgments of similarity and difference. What level of abstraction an...poster 2016
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- Schmidt, C.M. (author), Moore, J.K. (author), Dabiri, A. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schulte, F. (author) poster 2023
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De Bruijn, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Happee, R. (author)Background: Musculoskeletal models served to analyze head–neck motion and injury during automotive impact. Although muscle activation is known to affect the kinematic response, a model with properly validated muscle contributions does not exist to date. The goal of this study was to enhance a musculoskeletal neck model and to validate passive...journal article 2015
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De Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Concerns exist within the medical and psychological sciences that many published research findings are not replicable. Guidelines accordingly recommend that the file drawer effect should be eliminated and that statistical significance should not be a criterion in the decision to submit and publish scientific results. By means of a simulation...journal article 2013
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Forbes, P.A. (author), Happee, R. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)Force and position perturbations are widely applied to identify muscular and reflexive contributions to posture maintenance of the arm. Both task instruction (force vs. position) and the inherently linked perturbation type (i.e., force perturbations-position task and position perturbations-force tasks) affect these contributions and their mutual...journal article 2011
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Forbes, P.A. (author), Dakin, C.J. (author), Geers, A.M. (author), Vlaar, M.P. (author), Happee, R. (author), Siegmund, G.P. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Blouin, J.S. (author)Electrical vestibular stimulation is often used to assess vestibulo-motor and postural responses in both clinical and research settings. Stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) is a recently established technique with many advantages over its square-wave counterpart; however, the evoked muscle responses remain relatively small. Although the...journal article 2014
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Osth, J. (author), Eliasson, E. (author), Happee, R. (author), Brolin, K. (author)Human body models (HBMs) for vehicle occupant simulations have recently been extended with active muscles and postural control strategies. Feedback control has been used to model occupant responses to autonomous braking interventions. However, driver postural responses during driver initiated braking differ greatly from autonomous braking. In...journal article 2014
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Van Drunen, P. (author), Maaswinkel, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Van Dieën, J.H. (author), Happee, R. (author)Motor control deficits have been suggested as potential cause and/or effect of a-specific chronic low-back pain and its recurrent behavior. Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify motor control in low-back stabilization by simultaneously quantifying the intrinsic and reflexive contributions. Upper body sway was evoked using continuous...journal article 2013
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Roth, M. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Happee, R. (author), Gavrila, D. (author)We present a novel method for vehicle-pedestrian path prediction that takes into account the awareness of the driver and the pedestrian towards each other. The method jointly models the paths of vehicle and pedestrian within a single Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). In this DBN, sub-graphs model the environment and entity-specific context cues...journal article 2022
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), He, X. (author), Gentner, Alexandre (author), Happee, R. (author)The present online study surveyed drivers of SAE Level 2 partially automated cars on automation use and attitudes towards automation. Respondents reported high levels of trust in their partially automated cars to maintain speed and distance to the car ahead (M = 4.41), and to feel safe most of the time (M = 4.22) on a scale from 1 to 5....journal article 2021
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Dialynas, G. (author), Christoforidis, Christos (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Experiments and human rider models were used to investigate bicycle balance and steering using visuo/vestibular motion and proprioceptive feedback taking into account sensory delays. An instrumented steer-by-wire bicycle designed and built at the TU Delft bicycle laboratory was used to investigate rider responses with and with reduced...journal article 2022
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Kim, S. (author), van Egmond, R. (author), Happee, R. (author)In automated driving, the user interface plays an essential role in guiding transitions between automated and manual driving. This literature review identified 25 studies that explicitly studied the effectiveness of user interfaces in automated driving. Our main selection criterion was how the user interface (UI) affected take-over performance...journal article 2021
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Damian, Mircea (author), Shyrokau, B. (author), Carrera Akutain, Xabier (author), Happee, R. (author)A realistic steering feel is one of the key elements to guarantee fidelity on a driving simulator in general, and in particular to replicate on-centre vehicle handling. This requires precise modelling of the steering dynamics, a high bandwidth control loading system, and coupling of virtual and physical components in agreement with...journal article 2022
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Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Payre, William (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)In the future, automated shuttles may provide on-demand transport and serve as feeders to public transport systems. However, automated shuttles will only become widely used if they are accepted by the public. This paper presents results of an interview study with 30 users of an automated shuttle on the EUREF (Europäisches Energieforum) campus in...journal article 2019
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de Winkel, K.N. (author), Irmak, T. (author), Happee, R. (author), Shyrokau, B. (author)A prime concern for automated vehicles is motion comfort, as an uncomfortable ride may reduce acceptance of the technology amongst the general population. However, it is not clear how transient motions typical for travelling by car affect the experience of comfort. Here, we determine the relation between properties of vehicle motions (i.e.,...journal article 2023
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Malmsten, Victor (author), van Arem, B. (author), Liu, Peng (author), Happee, R. (author)The present study investigated the attitudes and acceptance of automated shuttles in public transport among 340 individuals physically experiencing the automated shuttle ‘Emily’ from Easymile in a mixed traffic environment on the semi-public EUREF (Europäisches Energieforum) campus in Berlin. Automated vehicle acceptance was modelled as a...journal article 2021
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de Winkel, K.N. (author), Edel, Ellen (author), Happee, R. (author), Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (author)Percepts of verticality are thought to be constructed as a weighted average of multisensory inputs, but the observed weights differ considerably between studies. In the present study, we evaluate whether this can be explained by differences in how visual, somatosensory and proprioceptive cues contribute to representations of the Head In Space ...journal article 2021