On the necessity of new hydrophobic treatment after repointing of water repellent masonry

The impregnation of the exterior surface of a masonry wall with a water repellent is a common intervention in (historic) building renovation and maintenance. Such treatments, whilst degrading at the surface with time under influence of ultra violet light, remain effective below the surface several decades after their application. During...

Plasters with mixed-in crystallization inhibitors: Results of a 4-year monitoring of on-site application

Salt crystallization is a major cause of weathering of mortars, including plasters and renders. In the last decade, the use of mixed-in salt crystallization inhibitors in mortars has been proposed as a solution to improve the durability of this material with respect to salt decay. Laboratory characterization and accelerated weathering tests have...

Multi-level chemical characterization of dutch fine recycled concrete aggregates: a comparative study

In the Netherlands, beside cement replacement with more green cement types, there is also an urgent need for alternative materials for natural sand in new concrete in order to make it circular. Furthermore, the recyclers have raised questions regarding upscaling and the potential of fine recycled concrete aggregates (fRCA) in structural concrete...

A study of the elastic moduli and chemical composition of corrosion product naturally-generated due to chlorides through nano-indentation and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS)

An important input parameter for numerical models that simulate cracking of the concrete cover due to reinforcement corrosion is the Elastic modulus of corrosion product (Ecp). Despite its relevance, Ecp is subject of significant variations according to the values reported in the literature, which vary from less than 100 MPa up to 360 GPa....

A study of the elastic moduli and chemical composition of corrosion product naturally-generated due to chlorides through nano-indentation and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS)

An important input parameter for numerical models that simulate cracking of the concrete cover due to reinforcement corrosion is the Elastic modulus of corrosion product (Ecp). Despite its relevance, Ecp is subject of significant variations according to the values reported in the literature, which vary from less than 100 MPa up to 360 GPa....

Multi-level chemical characterization of dutch fine recycled concrete aggregates: a comparative study

In the Netherlands, beside cement replacement with more green cement types, there is also an urgent need for alternative materials for natural sand in new concrete in order to make it circular. Furthermore, the recyclers have raised questions regarding upscaling and the potential of fine recycled concrete aggregates (fRCA) in structural concrete...

Characterization and compatibility assessment of commercial stone repair mortars

Compatibility of repair materials in conservation is a widely desired goal, but difficult to achieve. In this research, the compatibility of four commercial stone repair mortars, commonly used in conservation practice in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries, is discussed. In order to do so, they have been characterized in laboratory....

Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of Dutch fine recycled concrete aggregates: A comparative study

In circular concrete design, beside cement replacement with more environmentally friendly cement types, there is also an urgent need for sand replacement with fine recycled concrete aggregates (fRCA). The variations in physical and chemical properties of fRCA and lack of standards for their quality evaluation are the main reasons for not yet...

Analysis of naturally-generated corrosion products due to chlorides in 20-year old reinforced concrete: An elastic modulus-mineralogy characterization

The elastic modulus of corrosion product (E_cp) has been reported with significant variations in the literature. This study aims to investigate the E_cp of naturally-generated chloride-induced corrosion products formed in different concrete mixes. Microstructural characterization was conducted through nano-indentation,...