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Rozendaal, M.C. (author), Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The water motion computed using 3D and 2DH models in tidally dominated shallow waters can, in some cases, differ significantly. In 2DH models, bed friction is typically parametrised in terms of the depth-averaged velocity, whereas in 3D models, typically the near-bed velocity is used. This difference causes the bed shear stress in 2DH models...journal article 2024
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Basdurak, N. Berkay (author), Burchard, Hans (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)Structure and intensity of estuarine exchange flow depend significantly on the eddy viscosity A<sub>v</sub> profile which is dynamically linked to various forces (e.g., gravitational, tidal, wind-driven). The impact of winds on the exchange flow is complex due to its direct (local and remote changes in shear and density stratification) and...journal article 2023
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van Maren, D.S. (author), Maushake, Christian (author), Mol, Jan-Willem (author), van Keulen, Daan (author), Jürges, Jens (author), Vroom, Julia (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Gerkema, Theo (author), Schulz, Kirstin (author)An extensive field campaign, the Ems-Dollard Measurements (EDoM), was executed in the Ems Estuary, bordering the Netherlands and Germany, aimed at better understanding the mechanisms that drive the exchange of water and sediments between a relatively exposed outer estuary and a hyper-turbid tidal river. More specifically, the reasons for the...journal article 2023
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Jongbloed, Hendrik (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Donkers, Paul B. (author), Hoitink, Antonius J.F. (author)An idealized width-averaged model is employed to study the influence of wind stress on subtidal salt intrusion and stratification in well-mixed and partially stratified estuaries. We show that even in mild conditions, wind forcing can influence the estuarine salinity structure in a substantial way. By studying the role of wind forcing on...journal article 2022
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Kranenburg, W.M. (author)Tidally averaged transport of salt in estuaries is controlled by various subtidal and tidal processes. In this study, we show the relative importance of various subtidal and tidal transport processes in a width-averaged sense. This is done for a large range of forcing and geometric parameters, which describe well-mixed to salt wedge estuaries...journal article 2022
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Deng, X. (author), De Mulder, Tom (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)Channel–shoal patterns are often observed in the back–barrier basins of inlet systems and are important from both an economical and ecological point of view. Focussing on double–inlet systems, the initial formation of these patterns is investigated using an idealized model. The model is governed by the depth–averaged shallow water equations,...journal article 2022
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The classification diagram developed by Hansen and Rattray is one of the classic papers on classification of estuarine salinity dynamics. However, we found several inconsistencies in both their stratification–circulation and estuarine classification diagrams. These findings considerably change the interpretation of their work. Furthermore, while...journal article 2021
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Liu, J. (author), Möller, M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)In finite element methods, the accuracy of the solution cannot increase indefinitely since the round-off error related to limited computer precision increases when the number of degrees of freedom (DoFs) is large enough. Because a priori information of the highest attainable accuracy is of great interest, we construct an innovative method to...journal article 2021
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Deng, X. (author), Meerman, C. (author), Boelens, T. (author), De Mulder, T. (author), Salles, P. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The existence of morphodynamic equilibria of double-inlet systems is investigated using a cross-sectionally averaged morphodynamic model. The number of possible equilibria and their stability strongly depend on the forcing conditions and geometry considered. This is illustrated by considering a rectangular double-inlet system forced by M<sub...journal article 2021
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The salinity structure in estuaries is classically described in terms of the salinity structure as well mixed, partially mixed, or salt wedge. The existing knowledge about the processes that result in such salinity structures comes from highly idealized models that are restricted to either well-mixed and partially mixed cases or subtidal salt...journal article 2021
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Horemans, Dante M.L. (author), Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Sabbe, Koen (author), Vyverman, Wim (author), Meire, Patrick (author), Cox, Tom J.S. (author)Many estuaries exhibit seasonality in the estuary-scale distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM). This SPM distribution depends on various factors, including freshwater discharge, salinity intrusion, erodibility, and the ability of cohesive SPM to flocculate into larger aggregates. Various authors indicate that biotic factors, such...journal article 2021
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Groot, K.J. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The initial stage of the laminar–turbulent transition of semi-infinite flows can be characterized as either an absolute or convective instability, naturally associated with localized wave packets. A convective instability is directly linked to an absolute instability in a different reference frame. Therefore, our aim is to determine the...journal article 2020
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Reef, K.R.G. (author), Roos, P.C. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Hulscher, S.J.M.H. (author)Observations of barrier coasts around the world suggest that some systems do not conform to the O'Brien-Jarret law. Here we explain this by investigating how resonance and bottom friction affect the response of tidal inlets to variations in basin geometry. Therefore, we develop a morphodynamic barrier coast model that is based on the...journal article 2020
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Horemans, D.M.L. (author), Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Meire, Patrick (author), Cox, Tom J.S. (author)Sediment transport in estuaries and the formation of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) highly depend on the ability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to flocculate into larger aggregates. While most literature focuses on the small-scale impact of biological flocculants on the formation of larger aggregates, the influence of the...journal article 2020
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Hepkema, Tjebbe M. (author), de Swart, Huib E. (author), Nnafie, Abdel (author), Schramkowski, George P. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The role of the Coriolis effect in the initial formation of bottom patterns in a tidal channel is studied by means of a linear stability analysis. The key finding is that the mechanism generating oblique tidal sand ridges on the continental shelf is also present in confined tidal channels. As a result, the Coriolis effect causes the fastest...journal article 2020
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Klingbeil, Knut (author), Becherer, Johannes (author), Schulz, Elisabeth (author), de Swart, Huib E. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo (author), Burchard, Hans (author)This paper presents thickness-weighted averaging (TWA) in generalized vertical coordinates as a unified framework for a variety of existing tidal-averaging concepts in seas and estuaries. Vertical profiles of resulting residual quantities depend on the specific vertical coordinate, which is held fixed during the averaging process. This...journal article 2019
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Meerman, C.J. (author), Rottschäffer, Vivi (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author)The existence of cross-sectionally averaged morphodynamic equilibria of tidal inlets is investigated, using a cross-sectionally averaged model, and their sensitivity to variations of geometry, deposition parameter, frictional effects and advective sediment transport is analysed. Different geometries, from exponentially converging to...journal article 2019
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Schramkowski, G.P. (author), Brouwer, R.L. (author)Many estuaries are strongly modified by human interventions, including substantive channel deepening. In the Ems River Estuary (Germany and Netherlands), channel deepening between the 1960s and early 2000s coincided with an increase in the maximum near-bed suspended sediment concentration from moderate (∼1 kg/m <sup>3</sup> ) to high (>10...journal article 2019
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Schramkowski, G.P. (author)Many estuaries are strongly deepened to improve navigation, with sometimes large and poorly understood consequences to suspended sediment dynamics. To improve understanding of such large changes, we study the Ems River Estuary, where a regime shift from low to high sediment concentrations was observed after deepening. The aim of this study is...journal article 2019
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Dijkstra, Y.M. (author), Schuttelaars, H.M. (author), Schramkowski, G.P. (author)We investigate the hypothesis by Winterwerp and Wang (Ocean Dyn 63:1279–1292, 2013) that channel deepening in the Scheldt River Estuary could lead to a large increase in suspended sediment concentrations, with subsequent severe consequences to primary production and navigation. To this end, we use an idealised model to investigate the long...journal article 2019