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Burdyny, T.E. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Electrocatalytic CO <sub>2</sub> reduction has the dual-promise of neutralizing carbon emissions in the near future, while providing a long-term pathway to create energy-dense chemicals and fuels from atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> . The field has advanced immensely in recent years, taking significant strides towards commercial realization....journal article 2019
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Liu, K. (author), Ma, M. (author), Wu, Longfei (author), Valenti, M. (author), Cardenas-Morcoso, Drialys (author), Hofmann, Jan P. (author), Bisquert, Juan (author), Gimenez, Sixto (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Au-Cu bimetallic thin films with controlled composition were fabricated by magnetron sputtering co-deposition, and their performance for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO <sub>2</sub> was investigated. The uniform planar morphology served as a platform to evaluate the electronic effect isolated from morphological effects while minimizing...journal article 2019
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Kas, Recep (author), Star, Andrew G. (author), Yang, K. (author), Van Cleve, Tim (author), Neyerlin, Kenneth C. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Results of a 2-D transport model for a gas diffusion electrode performing CO2 reduction to CO with a flowing catholyte are presented, including the concentration gradients along the flow cell, spatial distribution of the current density and local pH in the catalyst layer. The model predicts that both the concentration of CO2 and the buffer...journal article 2021
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Yang, K. (author), Kas, Recep (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author)The deployment of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has enabled current densities an order of magnitude greater than those of aqueous H cells. The gains in production, however, have come with stability challenges due to rapid flooding of GDEs, which frustrate both laboratory experiments and...journal article 2021
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Trzesniewski, B.J. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising semiconductor material for the production of solar fuels via photoelectrochemical water splitting, however, it suffers from substantial recombination losses that limit its performance to well below its theoretical maximum. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the photoelectrochemical (PEC)...journal article 2016
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Valenti, M. (author), Jonsson, M.P. (author), Biskos, G. (author), Schmidt-Ott, A. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology that uses light absorbing semiconductors to convert solar energy directly into a chemical fuel (i.e., hydrogen). PEC water splitting has the potential to become a key technology in achieving a sustainable society, if high solar to fuel energy conversion efficiencies are...journal article 2016
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Kas, Recep (author), Yang, K. (author), Yewale, Gaurav P. (author), Crow, Allison (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)The electrochemical reduction of bicarbonate to renewable chemicals without external gaseous CO2 supply has been motivated as a means of integrating conversion with upstream CO2 capture. The way that CO2 is formed and transported during CO2-mediated bicarbonate reduction in flow cells is profoundly different from conventional CO2 saturated...journal article 2022
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Trzesniewski, B.J. (author), Digdaya, I.A. (author), Nagaki, T. (author), Ravishankar, Sandheep (author), Herraiz-Cardona, Isaac (author), Vermaas, D.A. (author), Longo, Alessandro (author), Gimenez, Sixto (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) is one of the most efficient light absorbing metal oxides for solar water splitting. BiVO<sub>4</sub> photoanodes immersed in an electrolyte in an open circuit configuration and exposed to simulated solar illumination for prolonged time achieve superior photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity. This...journal article 2017
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Digdaya, I.A. (author), Adhyaksa, Gede W.P. (author), Trzesniewski, B.J. (author), Garnett, Erik C. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Solar-assisted water splitting can potentially provide an efficient route for large-scale renewable energy conversion and storage. It is essential for such a system to provide a sufficiently high photocurrent and photovoltage to drive the water oxidation reaction. Here we demonstrate a photoanode that is capable of achieving a high...journal article 2017
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Valenti, M. (author), Venugopal, A. (author), Tordera, Daniel (author), Jonsson, P.M. (author), Biskos, G. (author), Schmidt-Ott, A. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)The conversion of light to electrical and chemical energy has the potential to provide meaningful advances to many aspects of daily life, including the production of energy, water purification, and optical sensing. Recently, plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) have been increasingly used in artificial photosynthesis (e.g., water splitting) devices...journal article 2017
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Ripepi, D. (author), Izelaar, B. (author), van Noordenne, D.D. (author), Jungbacker, M.P. (author), Kolen, M. (author), Karanth, P. (author), Cruz, Daniel (author), Zeller, Patrick (author), Pérez-Dieste, Virginia (author), Villar-Garcia, Ignacio J. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Mulder, F.M. (author)Hydrogen permeable electrodes can be utilized for electrolytic ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen, water, and renewable electricity under ambient conditions, providing a promising route toward sustainable ammonia. The understanding of the interactions of adsorbing N and permeating H at the catalytic interface is a critical step toward the...journal article 2022
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Ma, M. (author), Hansen, Heine A. (author), Valenti, M. (author), Wang, Zegao (author), Cao, A. (author), Dong, Mingdong (author), Smith, W.A. (author)The electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on Au-Pt bimetallic catalysts with different compositions was evaluated, offering a platform for uncovering the correlation between the catalytic activity and the surface composition of bimetallic electrocatalysts. The Au-Pt alloy films were synthesized by a magnetron sputtering co-deposition...journal article 2017
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Bae, D. (author), Faasse, Richard (author), Kanellos, Gerasimos (author), Smith, W.A. (author)In recent years, solar redox flow batteries have attracted attention as a possible integrated technology for simultaneous conversion and storage of solar energy. Unlike solar water splitting technologies which require at least 1.8V for meaningful performance, a lesson learned from previous solar redox flow battery (SRFB) studies is that even...journal article 2019
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Digdaya, I.A. (author), Trzesniewski, B.J. (author), Adhyaksa, Gede W.P. (author), Garnett, E.C. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photoelectrodes offer a simple alternative to the traditional semiconductor-liquid junction and the conventional p-n junction electrode. Highly efficient MIS photoanodes require interfacial surface passivating oxides and high workfunction metals to produce a high photovoltage. Herein, we investigate and...journal article 2018
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Vasudevan, R.A. (author), Thanawala, Zaid (author), Han, L. (author), Tan, H. (author), Buijs, Thom (author), Deligiannis, D. (author), Perez Rodriguez, P. (author), Digdaya, I.A. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Smets, A.H.M. (author)A hybrid tandem solar cell consisting of a thin-film, nanocrystalline silicon top junction and a siliconheterojunction bottom junction is proposed as a supporting solar cell for photoelectrochemical applications.Tunneling recombination junction engineering is shown to be an important consideration indesigning this type of solar cell. The best...journal article 2016
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Sassenburg, M. (author), Kelly, Maria (author), Subramanian, S.S. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author)Salt precipitation is a problem in electrochemical CO2 reduction electrolyzers that limits their long-term durability and industrial applicability by reducing the active area, causing flooding and hindering gas transport. Salt crystals form when hydroxide generation from electrochemical reactions interacts homogeneously with CO2 to generate...journal article 2022
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Perez Rodriguez, P. (author), Cardenas-Morcoso, Drialys (author), Digdaya, I.A. (author), Mangel Raventos, A. (author), Procel Moya, P.A. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Gimenez, Sixto (author), Zeman, M. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Smets, A.H.M. (author)Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) is a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting owing to its relatively small band-gap energy and high chemical and optoelectrical stability. This work studies the interplay between charge-carrier separation and collection, and their injection into the electrolyte, when modifying the...journal article 2018
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Ma, M. (author), Liu, K. (author), Shen, J. (author), Kas, R. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)In this work, the highly selective and stable electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO on nanostructured Ag electrocatalysts is presented. The Ag electrocatalysts are synthesized by the electroreduction of Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> formed by in situ anodic-etching of Ag foil in a KHCO<sub>3</sub> electrolyte. After 3 min of this...journal article 2018
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Brimley, Paige (author), Almajed, Hussain (author), Alsunni, Yousef (author), Alherz, Abdulaziz W. (author), Bare, Zachary J.L. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Musgrave, Charles B. (author)Renewably driven, electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into value-added products is expected to be a critical tool in global decarbonization. However, theoretical studies based on the computational hydrogen electrode largely ignore the nonlinear effects of the applied potential on the calculated results, leading to inaccurate...journal article 2022
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Yang, K. (author), Kas, R. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Over the past decade, electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction has become a thriving area of research with the aim of converting electricity to renewable chemicals and fuels. Recent advances through catalyst development have significantly improved selectivity and activity. However, drawing potential dependent structure-activity relationships...journal article 2019