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Bae, D. (author), Kanellos, Gerasimos (author), Wedege, Kristina (author), Dražević, Emil (author), Bentien, Anders (author), Smith, W.A. (author)MoOX is commonly considered to be a high work-function semiconductor. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical analysis, it is shown that MoOX can be considered as an effective hole transfer layer for the GaP-based device. Specifically, in the absence of carbon contamination using an ion beam cleaning step, the oxygen...journal article 2020
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Vos, Johannes G. (author), Venugopal, A. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Koper, Marc T.M. (author)During hydrogen production for (renewable) energy storage, direct seawater electrolysis offers several notable advantages over freshwater electrolysis. Unfortunately, it is also hindered by possible oxidation reactions of chloride and (to a lesser extent) bromide, which can occur in parallel to the evolution of oxygen and form harmful by...journal article 2020
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De Gregorio, Gian Luca (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author), Loiudice, Anna (author), Iyengar, Pranit (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Buonsanti, Raffaella (author)Despite substantial progress in the electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals, the translation of fundamental studies into commercially relevant conditions requires additional efforts. Here, we study the catalytic properties of tailored Cu nanocatalysts under commercially relevant current densities in a gas-fed...journal article 2020
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Bohra, D. (author), Ledezma Yanez, I.D. (author), Li, G. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Pidko, E.A. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Ag is a promising catalyst for the production of carbon monoxide (CO) via the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>ER). Herein, we study the role of the formate (HCOO<sup>−</sup>) intermediate *OCHO, aiming to resolve the discrepancy between the theoretical understanding and experimental performance of Ag. We show that...journal article 2019
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Firet, N.J. (author), Blommaert, M.A. (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author), Venugopal, A. (author), Bohra, D. (author), Longo, Alessandro (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide can provide a valuable pathway towards the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels from renewable electricity sources. One of the main challenges to enable this technology is to find suitable electrodes that can act as efficient, stable and selective CO<sub>2</sub> reduction catalysts. Modified silver...journal article 2019
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Zhang, W. (author), Ma, M. (author), Huijbers, M.M.E. (author), Filonenko, G.A. (author), Pidko, E.A. (author), van Schie, M.M.C.H. (author), de Boer, Sabrina (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Hollmann, F. (author)A recently discovered photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A ( CvFAP) bears the promise for the efficient and selective synthesis of hydrocarbons from carboxylic acids. CvFAP, however, exhibits a clear preference for long-chain fatty acids thereby limiting its broad applicability. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the...journal article 2019
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Corson, Elizabeth R. (author), Kas, R. (author), Kostecki, Robert (author), Urban, Jeffrey J. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), McCloskey, Bryan D. (author), Kortlever, R. (author)Illumination of a voltage-biased plasmonic Ag cathode during CO2 reduction results in a suppression of the H2 evolution reaction while enhancing CO2 reduction. This effect has been shown to be photonic rather than thermal, but the exact plasmonic mechanism is unknown. Here, we conduct an in situ ATR-SEIRAS (attenuated total reflectance...journal article 2020
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Blommaert, M.A. (author), Verdonk, J.A.H. (author), Blommaert, Hester C.B. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Vermaas, D.A. (author)A bipolar membrane (BPM) can be used to accelerate water dissociation to maintain a pH gradient in electrochemical cells, providing freedom to independently optimize the environments and catalysts used for paired reduction and oxidation reactions. The two physical layers in a BPM, respectively, selective for the exchange of cations and anions...journal article 2020
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Wedege, Kristina (author), Bae, D. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Mendes, Adélio (author), Bentien, Anders (author)In recent years, research in solar energy storage with photoelectrochemical cells (i.e., solar redox flow batteries: SRFBs) has resurged. This development is emerging in parallel with the growing field of research into organic redox couples intended for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) in a range of different pH environments. In a solar...journal article 2018
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Perez Rodriguez, P. (author), Vijselaar, Wouter (author), Huskens, Jurriaan (author), Stam, Machiel (author), Falkenberg, M. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Smets, A.H.M. (author)Solar fuels are a promising way to store solar energy seasonally. This paper proposes an earth-abundant heterostructure to split water using a photovoltaic-electrochemical device (PV-EC). The heterostructure is based on a hybrid architecture of a thin-film (TF) silicon tandem on top of a c-Si wafer (W) heterojunction solar cell (a-Si:H (TF)...journal article 2019
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Valenti, M. (author), Prasad, Nitin P. (author), Kas, R. (author), Bohra, D. (author), Ma, M. (author), Balasubramanian, Vignesh (author), Chu, L. (author), Dam, B. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)CO <sub>2</sub> electroreduction is a promising technology to produce chemicals and fuels from renewable resources. Polycrystalline and nanostructured metals have been tested extensively while less effort has been spent on understanding the performance of bimetallic alloys. In this work, we study compositionally variant, smooth Au-Pd thin...journal article 2019
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Kolen, M. (author), Antoniadis, Grigorios (author), Schreuders, H. (author), Boshuizen, B. (author), van Noordenne, D.D. (author), Ripepi, D. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Mulder, F.M. (author)The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the current greenhouse gas emission intensive process to produce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) from nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). However, finding an electrocatalyst that promotes NRR over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has proven to be difficult. This...journal article 2022
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Firet, N.J. (author), Venugopal, A. (author), Blommaert, M.A. (author), Cavallari, Chiara (author), Sahle, Christoph J. (author), Longo, Alessandro (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Photocharging has recently been demonstrated as a powerful method to improve the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of different metal oxide photoanodes, including BiVO<sub>4</sub>. In this work, we use ambient-pressure X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy to study the surface electronic structure of photocharged BiVO<sub>4...journal article 2019
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Wang, R. (author), Haspel, Henrik (author), Pustovarenko, Alexey (author), Dikhtiarenko, A. (author), Osadchii, D. (author), Ma, M. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Kapteijn, F. (author), Gascon, Jorge (author)We report the preparation and electrocatalytic performance of silver-containing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) derived from a silver coordination polymer (Ag-CP). Layer-by-layer growth of the Ag-CP onto porous supports was applied to control Ag loading. Subsequent electro-decomposition of the Ag-CP resulted in highly selective and efficient...journal article 2019
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Blommaert, M.A. (author), Vermaas, D.A. (author), Izelaar, Boaz (author), In'T Veen, Ben (author), Smith, W.A. (author)A bipolar membrane (BPM) can be used to maintain a pH difference in an electrolysis cell, which provides freedom to independently optimize the environments and catalysts used for paired redox reactions. A BPM consists of two physical layers, of which one is selective for the exchange of cations and the other for anions. The water dissociation...journal article 2019
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Kolen, M. (author), Ripepi, D. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author), Mulder, F.M. (author)The nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising pathway toward the decarbonization of ammonia (NH3) production. However, unless practical challenges related to the detection of NH3 are removed, confidence in published data and experimental throughput will remain low for experiments in aqueous electrolyte. In this perspective, we analyze...journal article 2022
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Venugopal, A. (author), Egberts, Laurentius H.T. (author), Meeprasert, J. (author), Pidko, E.A. (author), Dam, B. (author), Burdyny, T.E. (author), Sinha, V. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Finding alternative ways to tailor the electronic properties of a catalyst to actively and selectively drive reactions of interest has been a growing research topic in the field of electrochemistry. In this Letter, we investigate the tuning of the surface electronic properties of electrocatalysts via polymer modification. We show that when a...journal article 2022
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Burdyny, T.E. (author), Sassenburg, M. (author), de Rooij, R. (author), Nessbit, Nathan (author), Kas, R. (author), Chandrashekar, S. (author), Firet, N.J. (author), Yang, K. (author), Liu, K. (author), Blommaert, M.A. (author), Kolen, M. (author), Ripepi, D. (author), Smith, W.A. (author)Continued advancements in the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO 2RR) have emphasized that reactivity,selectivity, and stability are not explicit material properties butcombined effects of the catalyst, double-layer, reaction environ-<br/>ment, and system configuration. These realizations have steadily built upon the foundational work...journal article 2022
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- Liu, K. (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Burdyny, Thomas (author) review 2019
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Blommaert, M.A. (author), Aili, David (author), Tufa, Ramato Ashu (author), Li, Qingfeng (author), Smith, W.A. (author), Vermaas, D.A. (author)Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are gaining interest in energy conversion technologies. These membranes are composed of cation- and anion-exchange layers, with an interfacial layer in between. This gives the freedom to operate in different conditions (pH, concentration, composition) at both sides. Such membranes are used in two operational modes,...review 2021