Geography, knowledge spillovers and small firms’ exports: An empirical examination for The Netherlands

This study examines the impact of external and internal scale economies on the decision to start exporting and the level of exports of innovating firms. Based on new trade theory, increasing returns to scale—both internal and external scale economies—are considered an important source of comparative and competitive advantage. The empirical...

Issues in measuring innovation

On the Marshall – Jacobs controversy: It takes two to tango

The literature is inconclusive as to whether Marshallian specialization or Jacobian diversification externalities favour regional innovativeness. The specialization argument poses that regional specialization towards a particular industry improves innovativeness in that industry. Regional specialization allows for knowledge to spill over among...

Entrepreneurship and localized knowledge spillovers: Evidence from 398 innovators