Optimal flow for general multi-carrier energy systems, including load flow equations

Optimization is an important tool for the operation of an energy system. Multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) have recently become more important. Load flow (LF) equations are used within optimization to determine if physical network limits are violated. Due to nonlinearities, the solvability of the OF problem and the convergence of the...

A novel linearized power flow approach for transmission and distribution networks

Power flow computations are important for operation and planning of the electricity grid, but are computationally expensive because of nonlinearities and the size of the system of equations. Linearized methods reduce computational time but often have the disadvantage that they are not applicable to general grids. In this paper we propose a novel...

Scaling of the Steady-State Load Flow Equations for Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

Coupling single-carrier networks (SCNs) into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Steady-state load flow analysis of energy systems leads to a system of nonlinear equations, which is usually solved using the Newton-Raphson method (NR). Due to various physical scales within a SCN, and between different SCNs...

A graph-based model framework for steady-state load flow problems of general multi-carrier energy systems

Coupling single-carrier networks into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Conventional load flow models for the separate single-carrier networks are not able to capture the full extend of the coupling. Recently, different models for multi-carrier energy networks have been proposed, either using the energy...

Optimal flow for general multi-carrier energy systems,including load flow equations

Optimization is an important tool for the operation of an energy system. Multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) have recently become more important. Load ow (LF) equations are used within optimization to determine if physical network limits are violated. The way these LF equations are included in the optimal ow (OF) problem,...

Convergence of Newton’s Method for Steady-State Load Flow Problems in Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

Coupling single-carrier networks into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Various formulations of the single-carrier load flow problem (LFP) are used. Moreover, different coupling models lead to different integrated systems of equations for the LFP of MESs. Both could affect the convergence of the Newton...

A graph-based framework for steady-state load flow analysis of multi-carrier

Energy systems are becoming more complex due to increased coupling between different networks, resulting in multi-carrier energy networks. Conventional models for the separate networks are not able to capture the full extent of the coupling. Recently, different models for multi-carrier networks have been proposed, either...

On the Solvability of Steady-State Load Flow Problems for Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

The coupling of single-carrier network into multicarrier energy systems (MES) has recently become more important. Conventional single-carrier steady-state load flow models are not able to capture the full extent of the coupling. Different models for multi-carrier networks have been proposed, either based on the energy hub concept or using a...