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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), van Haarlem, W. (author), Quraishi, H. (author), Berssenbrugge, C. (author), Binda, J. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Auditory displays are promising for informing operators about hazards or objects in the environment. However, it remains to be investigated how to map distance information to a sound dimension. In this research, three sonification approaches were tested: Beep Repetition Rate (BRR) in which beep time and inter-beep time were a linear function...conference paper 2016
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Eriksson, A. (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This paper summarizes our results from survey research and driving simulator experiments on auditory, vibrotactile, and visual take-over requests in highly automated driving. Our review shows that vibrotactile takeover requests in the driver’s seat yielded relatively high ratings of self-reported usefulness and satisfaction. Auditory take-over...conference paper 2017
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), de Koning, C.L.A. (author), Lingmont, H. (author), de Lint, T.S. (author), van der Sijs, T.C. (author), van den Ouden, F.C. (author), Anema, F. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Auditory feedback produced by driver assistance systems can benefit safety. However, auditory feedback is often regarded as annoying, which may result in disuse of the system. An auditory headway feedback system was designed with the aim to improve user acceptance and driving safety. The algorithm used a graded approach, which means that it...conference paper 2018
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), van der Aa, Arne (author), Schoustra, Michael (author), Spruit, John (author), Staats, Laurens (author), van der Vlist, Klaas Jan (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)The increase of smartphones over the past decade has contributed to distraction in traffic. However, smartphones could potentially be turned into an advantage by being able to detect whether a motorized vehicle is passing the smartphone user (e.g., a pedestrian or cyclist). Herein, we present a dataset of audio recordings of passing vehicles,...conference paper 2018
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Highly automated driving can potentially provide enormous benefits to society. However, it is unclear what types of interfaces should be used for takeover requests during highly automated driving, in which a driver is asked to switch back to manual driving. In this paper, a proposal for a driving simulator study on the use of six auditory...conference paper 2015
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Bijker, Laurens (author), Dielissen, Tim (author), French, Shin (author), Mooijman, Tom (author), Peters, Luka (author), Happee, R. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study is the third iteration in a series of studies aimed to develop a system that allows driving blindfolded. We used a sonification approach, where the predicted angular error of the car 2 seconds into the future was translated into spatialized beeping sounds. In a driving simulator experiment, we tested with 20 participants whether a...conference paper 2019
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Driving simulators are regarded as valuable tools for human factors research on automated driving and traffic safety. However, simulators that enable the study of human-human interactions are rare. In this study, we present an open-source coupled simulator developed in Unity. The simulator supports input from head-mounted displays, motion suits,...conference paper 2020
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Heisterkamp, Niels (author), Luik, Philine (author), Klevering, Stijn (author), Haddou, Assia (author), Zult, Michiel (author), Dialynas, G. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)A common limitation in human factors research is that vehicle simulators often lack perceptual fidelity. Video games, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly realistic and may be a promising tool for simulator-based human factors research. In this work, we explored whether an off-the-shelf video game is suitable for research purposes. We...conference paper 2018
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Fully automated driving can potentially provide enormous benefits to society. However, it has been unclear whether people will appreciate such far-reaching technology. This study investigated anonymous textual comments regarding fully automated driving, based on data extracted from three online surveys with 8,862 respondents from 112 countries....conference paper 2015
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- Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kovacsova, N. (author), Al Jawahiri, Amir (author), Kapel, Pieter (author), Mulckhuyse, Joppe (author), Wagenaar, Sjors (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author) conference paper 2016
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) capable of signaling to pedestrians whether or not they can cross the road. There is currently no consensus on the correct colors for eHMIs. Industry and academia have already proposed a variety of eHMI colors, including red and green, as well as colors...conference paper 2020
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Mallant, K.P.T. (author), Roosens, V.E.R. (author), Middelweerd, M.D.L.M. (author), Overbeek, L.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Past research suggests that displays on the exterior of the car, known as eHMIs, can be effective in helping pedestrians to make safe crossing decisions. This study examines a new application of eHMIs, namely the provision of directional information in scenarios where the pedestrian is almost hit by a car. In an experiment using a head-mounted...conference paper 2022
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Beaumont, Charles (author), van der Geest, Xander (author), de Jonge, Reinier (author), van der Kroft, Koen (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)The aim of this work was to develop and empirically test different algorithms of a lane-keeping assistance system that supports drivers by means of a tone when the car is about to deviate from its lane. These auditory assistance systems were tested in a driving simulator with its screens shut down, so that the participants used auditory...conference paper 2017
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)In a crowdsourced experiment, the effects of distance and type of the approaching vehicle, traffic density, and visual clutter on pedestrians’ attention distribution were explored. 966 participants viewed 107 images of diverse traffic scenes for durations between 100 and 4000 ms. Participants’ eye-gaze data were collected using the TurkEyes...conference paper 2021
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), van der Geest, Lars (author), van Leeuwen, Stefan (author), Numan, Bart (author), Pijnacker, Joris (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Driving is a safety-critical task that predominantly relies on vision. However, visual information from the environment is sometimes degraded or absent. In other cases, visual information is available, but the driver fails to use it due to distraction or impairment. Providing drivers with real-time auditory feedback about the state of the...journal article 2016
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study investigated peoples’ opinion on auditory interfaces in contemporary<br/>cars and their willingness to be exposed to auditory feedback in automated driving. We used an Internet-based survey to collect 1,205 responses from 91 countries. The respondents stated their attitudes towards two existing auditory driver assistance systems, a...journal article 2015
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Sripada, Anirudh (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)It may be necessary to introduce new modes of communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians. This research proposes using the AV’s lateral deviation within the lane to communicate if the AV will yield to the pedestrian. In an online experiment, animated video clips depicting an approaching AV were shown to participants. Each...journal article 2021
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Mok, Chun Sang (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Automated vehicles (AVs) can perform low-level control tasks but are not always capable of proper decision-making. This paper presents a concept of eye-based maneuver control for AV-pedestrian interaction. Previously, it was unknown whether the AV should conduct a stopping maneuver when the driver looks at the pedestrian or looks away from...journal article 2022
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Onkhar, V. (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Gavrila, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Non-verbal communication, such as eye contact between drivers and pedestrians, has been regarded as one way to reduce accident risk. So far, studies have assumed rather than objectively measured the occurrence of eye contact. We address this research gap by developing an eye contact detection method and testing it in an indoor experiment with...journal article 2021
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an automated vehicle (AV) to a pedestrian, but it is unclear which eHMI design is most effective. In a crowdsourced experiment, we examined the effects of (1) colour (red, green, cyan), (2) position (roof, bumper, windshield), (3) message (WALK, DON'T...journal article 2021
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