A hydrogen-based integrated energy and transport system: The design and analysis of the Car as Power Plant Concept

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets toward a carbon-free energy transition. Many studies show that a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions-at least 90% by 2050-is required. In the transition toward a sustainable energy system, solar (or green) hydrogen plays many important roles, as it is a clean and safe...

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A technical analysis of aggregated units offering frequency

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) in combination with green hydrogen (obtained from renewable sources), could make a significant contribution in decarbonizing the European transport sector, and thus help achieve the ambitious climate goals. However, most vehicles are parked for about 95% of their life time. This work proposes the more...

Exploring the profit potential of energy storage in a car park using electrolysis, hydrogen storage and fuel cell electric vehicles

The Car Park as Power Plant (CPPP) is a main business concept related to a future integrated sustainable mobility and energy system in which hydrogen is a key energy carrier. In order to investigate the uncertain profitability of the CPPP concept, an optimisation model has been developed of a CPPP system that includes an electrolyser, a hydrogen...

Exploring policy impacts for servicising in product-based markets: A generic agent-based model

The shift to markets based on servicising, i.e. market-level transitions from product-based to service-based production and consumption patterns, may contribute to achieve absolute decoupling, i.e. the combined development of economic growth and environmental impact reduction. However, the potential of this contribution is largely unknown. In...

The electricity balancing market: Exploring the design challenge

In the unbundled national electricity markets in Europe, the balancing market is the institutional arrangement that deals with the balancing of electricity demand and supply. This paper presents a framework for policy makers that identifies the relevant design variables and performance criteria that play a role in the design and analysis of...

Diffusion of combined heat and power in Dutch greenhouses: A case study

This report presents the case study of the rapid diffusion of combined heat and power (CHP) units in the Dutch greenhouse horticulture in the period 2003-2009. The aim of the case study is to find explanations for this particular transition, and to generalize on the nature of technology diffusion processes. The study is carried out by means of a...

Designing Multinational Electricity Balancing Markets

In today’s unbundled electricity markets, the balancing market is an intricate institutional arrangement that makes sure that the balance between electricity supply and demand is maintained. In the light of the development of a single electricity market in Europe, harmonization and integration of currently national balancing markets have...

Analysis of the impact of imbalance settlement design on market behaviour in electricity balancing markets

The imbalance settlement design is the part of an electricity balancing market design that stimulates so-called Balance Responsible Parties (BRPs) to balance their electricity production and consumption portfolio and to stick to their energy schedules by penalizing any deviations from these schedules with an imbalance price. There are numerous...

A qualitative analysis of main cross-border balancing arrangements

The integration of balancing markets, i.e. market-based balance management arrangements, is regarded as an important next step in the development towards an Internal Electricity Market for Europe, and is expected to largely reduce the costs of real-time balancing by enhancing competition in balancing service markets. However, there is still a...

A comparison of imbalance settlement designs and results of Germany and the Netherlands

Imbalance settlement is a vital part of the balancing market, i.e. the institutional arrangement that establishes market-based balance management in liberalized electricity markets. We investigate the impact of the imbalance settlement design on the behaviour of Balance Responsible Parties and thereby on balancing market performance by means of...

Balance Responsibility and Imbalance Settlement in Northern Europe: An Evaluation

In liberalized power markets, balance responsibility and imbalance settlement are two closely related elements that constitute the heart of a balancing market (which is actually an institutional arrangement establishing market-based balancing). This paper aims to compare balance responsibility and imbalance settlement in the Nordic region,...

The impact of microgeneration upon the Dutch balancing market

The share of microgeneration (power generation at the level of households and small businesses) in the Dutch electricity system continues to grow. Over time, this development may pose a threat to the reliability and efficiency of the Dutch electricity balancing market. We investigated possible changes to the design of the Dutch balancing market...