Analysis on the Water Exchange between the Main Stream of the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake

Analysis on the hydrologic characteristics of the main stream of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake were studied to discuss the water exchange between the main stream of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake before and after the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir, as well as in the typical dry year of 2006. The annual runoff distribution for dry...

Degeneration of penicillin production in ethanol-limited chemostat cultivations of Penicillium chrysogenum: A systems biology approach

Background In microbial production of non-catabolic products such as antibiotics a loss of production capacity upon long-term cultivation (for example chemostat), a phenomenon called strain degeneration, is often observed. In this study a systems biology approach, monitoring changes from gene to produced flux, was used to study degeneration of...

Photon budget analysis for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

We have constructed a mathematical model to analyze the photon efficiency of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The power of the light source needed for illumination in a FLIM system and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector have led us to a photon “budget.” These measures are relevant to many fluorescence...

Thermal conductivity of microPCMs-filled epoxy matrix composites

Microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) have been widely applied in solid matrix as thermal-storage or temperature-controlling functional composites. The thermal conductivity of these microPCMs/matrix composites is an important property need to be considered. In this study, a series of microPCMs have been fabricated using the in...

Overview of mechanisms involved during the quenching and partitioning process in steels

The application of the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process in steels involves a microstructural evolution that is more complex than just the formation of martensite followed by carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite. Examples of this complexity are the formation of epitaxial ferrite during the first quenching step and the...

Microstructural development during the quenching and partitioning process in a newly designed low-carbon steel

This paper presents a detailed characterization of the microstructural development of a new quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel. Q&P treatments, starting from full austenitization, were applied to the developed steel, leading to microstructures containing volume fractions of retained austenite of up to 0.15. The austenite was...

DEOS mass transport model (DMT-1) based on GRACE satellite data: Methodology and validation

Cytosolic NADPH balancing in Penicillium chrysogenum cultivated on mixtures of glucose and ethanol

The in vivo flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) in Penicillium chrysogenum was determined during growth in glucose/ethanol carbon-limited chemostat cultures, at the same growth rate. Non-stationary 13C flux analysis was used to measure the oxPPP flux. A nearly constant oxPPP flux was found for all glucose...

Turbulence modulation and drag reduction by spherical particles

This letter reports on the pronounced turbulence modulations and the accompanying drag reduction observed in a two-way coupled simulation of particle-laden channel flow. The present results support the view that drag reduction can be achieved not only by means of polymeric or fiber additives but also with spherical particles.

Quantitative Analysis of Microstructural Constituents in Welded Transformation-Induced-Plasticity Steels

A quantitative analysis of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions in gas tungsten arc (GTA)–welded aluminum-containing transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) steels is presented. The amount of retained austenite in the heat-affected and fusion zones of welded aluminum-containing TRIP steel with different base metal austenite fractions...

A short range, low data rate, 7.2 GHz-7.7 GHz FM-UWB receiver front-end

A 9 mW FM-UWB receiver front-end for low data rate (<50 kbps), short range (<10 m) applications operating in the ultra-wideband (UWB) band centered at 7.45 GHz is described in this paper. A single-ended-to-differential preamplifier with 30 dB voltage gain, a 1 GHz bandwidth FM demodulator, and a combined (preamp/demodulator) receiver front-end...

A stereo vision method for tracking particle flow on the weld pool surface

The oscillation of a weld pool surface makes the fluid flow motion quite complex. Two-dimensional results cannot reflect enough information to quantitatively describe the fluid flow in the weld pool; however, there are few direct three-dimensional results available. In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional reconstruction method to measure...

Automatic Registration of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Point Clouds using Panoramic Reflectance Images

This paper presents a new approach to the automatic registration of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds using panoramic reflectance images. The approach follows a two-step procedure that includes both pair-wise registration and global registration. The pair-wise registration consists of image matching (pixel-to-pixel correspondence)...

Common-mode DC-bus filter design for variable-speed drive system via transfer ratio measurements

Filters used in electromagnetic interference suppression are often described in literature on drive systems and have become a standard solution in industry. The effect of the commercial off-the-shelf filter depends significantly on how it is installed. A model that includes the installation parameters is made first and then the parameters of the...

Influence of interface mobility on the evolution of austenite-martensite grain assemblies during annealing

The quenching and partitioning (Q&amp;P) process is a new heat treatment for the creation of advanced high-strength steels. This treatment consists of an initial partial or full austenitization, followed by a quench to form a controlled amount of martensite and an annealing step to partition carbon atoms from the martensite to the austenite. In...

Microstructural Evolution of a Low-Carbon Steel during Application of Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatments after Partial Austenitization

The “quenching and partitioning” (Q&P) process has been studied in a low-carbon steel containing 1.1 wt pct aluminum by heat treatments consisting of partial austenitization at 900 °C and subsequent rapid cooling to a quenching temperature in the range between 125 °C and 175 °C, followed by an isothermal treatment (partitioning step) at 250 °C...

The Cementite Spheroidization Process in High-Carbon Steels with Different Chromium Contents

The cementite spheroidization process is investigated in hypereutectoid steels with different chromium (Cr) contents. A spheroidized structure in high-carbon steel is usually obtained by a divorced eutectoid transformation (DET) reaction, which occurs during slow cooling of austenite with fine cementite particles. A bimodal distribution of...

Precision measurement of charge symmetry breaking in np elastic scattering at 347 MeV