Buffer scheduling for improving on-time performance and connectivity with a multi-objective simulation–optimization model: A proof of concept for the airline industry

Schedule design in the transportation and logistics sector is a widely studied problem. Transport service providers, such as the train industry and aviation, aim for schedules to be on-time according to the planning (i.e., on-time performance or OTP) in order to increase the service level by ensuring that passengers actually make their...

Prevention of enclosed voids in topology optimization using a cumulative sum flood fill algorithm

Topology optimization has seen increased interest with the rise of additive manufacturing (AM) as a fabrication method, because of its ability to exploit the geometric complexity that AM offers. However, AM still imposes some geometric restrictions on the design, most notably on minimum feature size, overhang angles, and enclosed voids....

A reappraisal of the ink-bottle effect and pore structure of cementitious materials using intrusion-extrusion cyclic mercury porosimetry

Reliable characterization of the pore structure is essentially important for transport-related durability studies of cementitious materials. Mercury intrusion porosimetry has been commonly used for pore structure measurement while the ink-bottle effect significantly affects the trustworthiness of pore size features of cementitious materials....

Reuse: On Evaluating the Fitness of Spatial Configurations Before & After Retrofitting for Reuse of Architectural Heritage

Focusing on the quality of reuse of buildings with respect to the efficiency of human movement patterns and the effectiveness of allocation of functional spaces with respect to their needs for social encounter and avoidance reveals the configurative nature and the human impact of architectural design. By comparing such functionality assessments...

A review of public transport transfer coordination at the tactical planning phase

While transferring between public transport services has a negative impact on the level-of-service, it is an inevitable feature of public transport networks. Transfer coordination can help reduce passenger transfer waiting times and improve service connectivity. In this paper, we systematically review the literature on transfer coordination...

Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice

In this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axial integration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the street segment as the...

Will Automotive Be the Future of Mobility? Striving for Six Zeros

Will automotive be the future of mobility or will the motorcar era come to an end in the 21st century? Today, auto-mobility is still growing, but in the future, this will depend on its ability to adapt to the needs of modern society. Disruptive technologies like electrification, automation, and connectivity can make automotive more...

Using spatial indicators to predict ventilation and energy performance-Correlation analysis for an apartment building in five Chinese cities

In the early design stages, architects are in constant search of a design direction that can determine the success or failure of the final design. However, in real design practice, most of the prediction methods for building performances, in this paper energy and thermal comfort, are utilised in the later design stages. Spatial configuration is...

Lagrangian ocean analysis: Fundamentals and practices

Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry. In the Lagrangian approach, large sets of virtual particles are integrated within the three-dimensional, time-evolving velocity fields. Over several decades, a variety of tools and methods for this...

Characterization and comparison of capillary pore structures of digital cement pastes

More and more studies are based on digital microstructures of cement pastes obtained either by numerical modelling or by experiments. A comprehensive understanding of the their pore structures, therefore, becomes significant. In this study, the pore structure of a virtual cement paste (HYMO-1d) generated by cement hydration model HYMOSTRUC 3D...

Indoor modelling from SLAM-based laser scanner: Door detection to envelope reconstruction

Updated and detailed indoor models are being increasingly demanded for various applications such as emergency management or navigational assistance. The consolidation of new portable and mobile acquisition systems has led to a higher availability of 3D point cloud data from indoors. In this work, we explore the combined use of point clouds...

Comprehensive comparison of two image-based point clouds from aerial photos with airborne lidar for large-scale mapping: Door detection to envelope reconstruction

The integration of computer vision and photogrammetry to generate three-dimensional (3D) information from images has contributed to a wider use of point clouds, for mapping purposes. Large-scale topographic map production requires 3D data with high precision and accuracy to represent the real conditions of the...

On the origin of crevasse-splay amalgamation in the Huesca fluvial fan (Ebro Basin, Spain): Implications for connectivity in low net-to-gross fluvial deposits

Floodplain deposits are abundant in low-gradient dryland river systems, but their contribution to connected reservoir volumes has not yet been fully acknowledged due to their poor detectability with typical wireline log suites and relatively-lower reservoir quality. This study presents an analysis of stacked crevasse splays in the distal part of...

Structured Piezoelectric Composites: Materials and Applications

The piezoelectric effect, which causes a material to generate a voltage when it deforms, is very suitable for making integrated sensors, and (micro-) generators. However, conventional piezoelectric materials are either brittle ceramics or certain polymers with a low thermal stability, which limits their practical application to certain specific...