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Guo, Y. (author), Jia, W. (author), Markine, V.L. (author), Jing, Guoqing (author)Ballast rheology is a phenomenon that describes movements of ballast particles due to the discrete nature, which eventually leads to the ballast bed fluid deformation after a long-time service. In most cases, ballast rheology is the main reason of track irregularity that leads to some track defects, e.g., hanging sleeper and mud spots....journal article 2021