A non-unit line protection method for MMC-HVDC grids based on the curvatures of backward traveling waves

The existing protection techniques for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grids suffer from several shortcomings such as high sampling frequency, poor robustness, and reliance on simulation for threshold setting. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a non-unit protection method for modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC grids...

Non-Unit DC Line Protection Method for Multi-Terminal MMC-HVDC System Based on Normalized Backward Traveling Waves

Existing line protection methods for multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems are constrained by the placement and values of boundary elements. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a non-unit DC line protection method based on the normalized backward traveling waves (BTWs) of the 1-mode voltage. Firstly, this article studies...