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Zhang, Y. (author), Mo, J. (author), Cui, Z. (author), Vollebregt, S. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)The continuous downscaling of microelectronics has introduced many reliability issues on interconnect. Electromigration and dewetting are major reliability concerns in high-temperature micro- and nanoscale devices. In this paper, the local dewetting of copper thin film during the electromigration test was first found and investigated. When...conference paper 2023
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Cui, Z. (author), Fan, X. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this paper, we apply the Eshelby's solution to study the effect of passivation layer on electromigration (EM) failure in a conductor. The passivation layer is considered as an elastic material, not a rigid layer anymore. Thus, the deformation and stress evolution in the conductor during EM are related to the mechanical property of the...conference paper 2023
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Cui, Z. (author), Fan, X. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this paper, a 3D and fully coupled electromigration modeling is implemented using COMSOL. The fully coupled multi-physics theory has a unique set of partial differential equations, which cannot be directly simulated with the standard finite element software such as ABAQUS and ANSYS. With the weak form PDE modulus in COMSOL, the weak form of...conference paper 2022
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Cui, Z. (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)This paper investigates thermomigration (TM) and electromigration (EM) in SWEAT structure. Firstly, the distribution of temperature along SWEAT structure during EM is obtained by using finite element (FE) simulation. The FE simulation results show that the temperature is almost uniformly distributed in the most region of narrow line in SWEAT...conference paper 2023
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Cui, Z. (author), Chen, Xianping (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)Interfacial properties of Cu/SiO2 in semiconductor devices has continued to be the subject of challenging study for many years because of its difficulties in experimentally quantifying the critical strength of interface. In this paper, a multi-scale modeling approach is built to characterize the interfacial properties between Cu and SiO2. In...conference paper 2018
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Cui, Z. (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this paper, a recently developed theory - general coupling model of electromigration, is implemented in ANSYS. We first identify several errors provided in ANSYS manual for electromigration modeling. Then the general coupling model is implemented in ANSYS and the detailed description is presented. Finally, a 1-D confined metal line with a...conference paper 2020
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Cui, Z. (author), Zhang, Yingying (author), Yang, Qun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Chen, Xianping (author)Interfacial properties of Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> in semiconductor devices has been a challenging study for many years because of its difficulties in experimentally quantifying the critical strength of interface. In this paper, a multi-scale modeling approach is built to characterize the interfacial properties between Cu and SiO<sub>2</sub>. The...conference paper 2018
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Du, L. (author), Deng, Shanliang (author), Cui, Z. (author), Poelma, René H. (author), Beelen-Hendrikx, Caroline (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this study, we combined finite element method (FEM) based on Ansys and Noesis Optimus software to investigate the effect of bump structures and loading conditions on the electromigration properties of solder bumps in WLCSP. A numerical model considering current density, vacancy concentration, stress and temperature was utilized to calculate...conference paper 2024
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Cui, X. (author), Green, M.A. (author), Blower, P.J. (author), Zhou, D. (author), Yan, Y. (author), Zhang, W. (author), Djanashvili, K. (author), Mathe, D. (author), Veres, D.S. (author), Szigeti, K. (author)Magnetic and fluorescent hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesised using Al(OH)3-stabilised MnFe2O4 or Fe3O4 nanoparticles as precursors. They were readily and efficiently radiolabelled with 18F. Bisphosphonate polyethylene glycol polymers were utilised to endow the nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability in water and to incorporate...journal article 2015
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Yuan, C.A. (author), Zhang, G.Q. (author), Han, C.N. (author), Chiang, K.N. (author), Cui, Y. (author)The mechanical characteristics of the long-chain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule under the axial stretching and lateral unzipping are studied by the clustered atomistic-continuum method (CACM). The CACM consisted of the clustered atom method (CAM) and the atomistic-continuum method (ACM). The CAM treats the specific atomic group as the...journal article 2007
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Cui, Z. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Hu, D. (author), Vollebregt, S. (author), Fan, J. (author), Fan, X. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)Understanding the atomic diffusion features in metallic material is significant to explain the diffusion-controlled physical processes. In this paper, using electromigration experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we investigate the effects of grain size and temperature on the self-diffusion of polycrystalline aluminium (Al). The...journal article 2022
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Chang, Weiwei (author), Li, Yangyang (author), Li, Z. (author), Lou, Yuntian (author), Cui, Tianyu (author), Qian, Hongchang (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Zhang, Dawei (author)The microbiologically influenced corrosion of pure iron was investigated in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with various levels of exogenous riboflavin (RF) serving as electron shuttles for extracellular electron transfer (EET). With more RF available, a larger and denser phosphate layer was formed on the surface of pure iron by...journal article 2022
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Li, Z. (author), Chang, Weiwei (author), Cui, Tianyu (author), Xu, Dake (author), Zhang, Dawei (author), Lou, Yuntian (author), Qian, Hongchang (author), Song, Hao (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Cao, Fahe (author), Gu, Tingyue (author), Li, Xiaogang (author)Microbiologically influenced corrosion of metals is prevalent in both natural and industrial environments, causing enormous structural damage and economic loss. Exactly how microbes influence corrosion remains controversial. Here, we show that the pitting corrosion of stainless steel is accelerated in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR...journal article 2021
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Li, Huanhuan (author), Duan, Peigao (author), Huang, Yawen (author), Cui, Chengsen (author), Hollmann, F. (author), Ma, Yunjian (author), Wang, Yonghua (author), Zhang, Jie (author), Liu, Weidong (author), Zhang, Wuyuan (author)The downstream product transformation of lignin depolymerization is of great interest in the production of high-value aromatic chemicals. However, this transformation is often impeded by chemical oxidation under harsh reaction conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that hypohalites generated in situ by the vanadium-containing...journal article 2024
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Tang, H. (author), Hu, D. (author), Cui, Z. (author), Ye, H. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)This paper analyzes the mechanical properties of tungsten disulfide (WS2) by means of multiscale simulation, including density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic (MD) analysis, and finite element analysis (FEA). We first conducted MD analysis to calculate the mechanical properties (i.e., Young's modulus and critical stress) of WS2....journal article 2021
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Chen, Wei (author), Chen, Ye (author), Cao, Yixing (author), Cui, Z. (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Fan, J. (author)In a light-emitting diode (LED) package, silicone encapsulant serves as a chip protector and enables the light to transmit, since it exhibits the advantages of high light transmittance, high refractive index, and high thermal stability. However, its reliability is still challenged under harsh operation conditions. In this study, the optical...journal article 2022
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Zhang, Linyue (author), King, Edward (author), Black, William B. (author), Heckmann, C.M. (author), Wolder, A.E. (author), Cui, Youtian (author), Nicklen, Francis (author), Siegel, Justin B. (author), Paul, C.E. (author)Noncanonical redox cofactors are attractive low-cost alternatives to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)<sup>+</sup>) in biotransformation. However, engineering enzymes to utilize them is challenging. Here, we present a high-throughput directed evolution platform which couples cell growth to the in vivo cycling of a...journal article 2022
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Li, Huanhuan (author), Younes, S.H.H. (author), Chen, Shaohang (author), Duan, Peigao (author), Cui, Chengsen (author), Wever, Ron (author), Zhang, Wuyuan (author), Hollmann, F. (author)In this contribution, we report chemoenzymatic bromodecarboxylation (Hunsdiecker-type) of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids. The extraordinarily robust chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO) generated hypobromite from H2O2 and bromide, which then spontaneously reacted with a broad range of unsaturated carboxylic acids and yielded...journal article 2022
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Sun, Bo (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), van Driel, W.D. (author), Cui, Chengqiang (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this study, we present a general methodology that combines the reliability theory with physics of failure for reliability prediction of an LED driver. More specifically, an integrated LED lamp, which includes an LED light source with statistical distribution of luminous flux, and a driver with a few critical components, is considered. The...journal article 2018
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Cui, Z. (author), Fan, J. (author), van Ginkel, H.J. (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)The CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> red phosphor and its silicone/phosphor composite are very promising materials used in the high color rendering white light-emitting diode (LED) packaging. However, the reliabilities of CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> and its composite are still being challenged by phosphor hydrolysis at high...journal article 2020
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