Surrogate modelling of railway pantograph-catenary interaction using deep Long-Short-Term-Memory neural networks

The interaction performance of the pantograph-catenary is of great importance as it directly determines the current collection quality and operational safety of trains. The finite element method (FEM) is dominantly used for simulating pantograph-catenary interaction, which is normally computationally heavy. In this work, addressing the...

Developing Xiong’an New Area: A new regime for space production in China’s national technopole?

Xiong’an New Area is not only a newly emerging and nationally endorsed technopole, it is also regarded as a test-bed for novel forms of governance and financial management in China. Although it is currently only in its starting phase, Xiong’an demonstrates that various institutional features are very different from those found in traditional...

Nested affordance-based intuitive design tool: Affordance interaction matrix

Affordances serve as design cues, facilitating users in effortlessly identifying the intended use of objects. However, due to the phenomenological nature of the affordance concept, its application and understanding in the human-computer interaction (HCI) domain remain uncertain, resulting in limited utilization in design practice. This study...

A systematic literature review on smart and personalized ventilation using CO₂ concentration monitoring and control

Smart and personalized ventilation systems have been demonstrated with high performance in creating a healthy and energy-efficient indoor environment, but they have been rarely comprehensively summarized and explored in previous studies. With the progressive development of various terminal devices and control technologies, personalized...

Short-circuit characteristics of superconducting permanent magnet generators for 10 MW wind turbines

Superconducting permanent magnet generators (SCPMGs) are a potential candidate for 10 MW direct-drive wind turbine applications. This paper presents two 10 MW SCPMG designs using MgB<sub>2</sub> cables for the armature winding and investigates the short-circuit characteristics of the designed SCPMGs. The first part...

An Investigation on the Current Collection Quality of Railway Pantograph-catenary Systems with Contact Wire Wear Degradations

In railway pantograph-catenary systems, the contact surfaces undergo wear in long-term operations, directly affecting interaction performance and potentially deteriorating the current collection quality. The effect of contact wire wear (CWW) on the current collection quality should be evaluated to understand the system's health status in...

Investigation into Multi-Phase Armature Windings for High-Temperature Superconducting Wind Turbine Generators

High-Temperature superconducting (HTS) generators are being considered as a competitive candidate in large direct-drive (DD) wind turbines because of their features of being lightweight and compact. Normally a large air gap is inevitable in partially HTS generators, sacrificing the torque producing capability. In this paper, multi-phase...

Design challenges of direct-drive permanent magnet superconducting wind turbine generators

In recent years, permanent magnet superconducting (PMSC) generators have become a candidate for applying superconducting (SC) generators in large direct-drive wind turbines. This configuration keeps the SC armature winding and its cooling system stationary and eliminates rotational cooling couplings. However, the low excitation by permanent...

Performance of Multi-Layer and Stator-Shifting Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings for Superconducting Wind Turbine Generators under Normal and Short-Circuit Operation Conditions

High temperature superconducting (HTS) generators are being considered for large offshore direct-drive (DD) wind turbines as they are expected to be lightweight and compact. However, short circuit torques of an HTS generator with integral-slot distributed windings (ISDWs) are too high for wind turbine constructions, mainly due to the large...

Analysis of the evolvement of contact wire wear irregularity in railway catenary based on historical data

This paper studies the evolvement of the wear irregularity of contact wire using wire thickness data measured yearly from a section of railway catenary. The power spectral density and time–frequency representation based on the wavelet transform are employed for data analysis, with an emphasis on local wear irregularities that are crucial for...

Short Circuits of a 10 MW High Temperature Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator

Direct drive high temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generators have been proposed to tackle challenges for ever increasing wind turbine ratings. Due to smaller reactances in HTS generators, higher fault currents and larger transient torques could occur if sudden short circuits happen at generator terminals. In this paper, a finite...

Short Circuits of a 10 MW High Temperature Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator

Direct drive high temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generators have been proposed to tackle challenges for ever increasing wind turbine ratings. Due to smaller reactances in HTS generators, higher fault currents and larger transient torques could occur if sudden short circuits happen at generator terminals. In this paper, a finite...

BQC: A new multi-GNSS data quality checking toolkit

Multi-GNSS networks, for example M-GEX and iGMAS, are set up and grow quickly with the development of new navigation systems and multi-GNSS receivers. It is unavoidable that GNSS signals are deteriorated by several error sources. Thus GNSS network operators, data users and receiver designers all require data quality checking (QC). However, few...