High-resolution large-scale onshore wind energy assessments: A review of potential definitions, methodologies and future research needs

The rapid uptake of renewable energy technologies in recent decades has increased the demand of energy researchers, policymakers and energy planners for reliable data on the spatial distribution of their costs and potentials. For onshore wind energy this has resulted in an active research field devoted to analysing these resources for regions...

Metrology for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles (MICEV)

The European Union funded project MICEV aims at improving the traceability of electrical and magnetic measurement at charging stations and to better assess the safety of this technology with respect to human exposure. The paper describes some limits of the instrumentation used for electrical measurements in the charging stations, and briefly...

X-ray investigation of buried SiGe islands for devices with strain-enhanced mobility

In this work self-organized SiGe islands are used as stressors for Si capping layers, which later act as carrier channels in field effect transistors. To be able to address individual islands and to obtain a sufficiently narrow distribution of their properties, the SiGe islands are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on prepatterned Si substrates,...

X-ray diffraction study of the composition and strain fields in buried SiGe islands

We report on studies of strain and composition of two-dimensionally ordered SiGe islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy using high resolution x-ray diffraction. To ensure a small size distribution of the islands, pit-patterned 4 (001) Si wafers were used as substrates. The Si wafers were patterned by optical lithography and reactive ion etching...

SiGe growth on patterned Si(001) substrates: Surface evolution and evidence of modified island coarsening

The morphological evolution of both pits and SiGe islands on patterned Si(001) substrates is investigated. With increasing Si buffer layer thickness the patterned holes transform into multifaceted pits before evolving into inverted truncated pyramids. SiGe island formation and evolution are studied by systematically varying the Ge coverage and...

Rashba Hamiltonian and electron transport