Bio-safe drinking water with or without chlorine: a review

Drinking water biosafety has become an increasing concern for public health. Chlorination is widely used as the main disinfection strategy worldwide but has clear and well-known byproduct issues. The Netherlands has successfully demonstrated unchlorinated approach for almost 20 years but has not been widely adopted by other countries. To...

Building water quality deterioration during water supply restoration after interruption: Influences of premise plumbing configuration

Premise plumbing plays an essential role in determining the final quality of drinking water consumed by customers. However, little is known about the influences of plumbing configuration on water quality changes. This study selected parallel premise plumbing in the same building with different configurations, i.e., laboratory and toilet...

In-situ damage mechanism investigation and a prediction model for delamination with fibre bridging in composites

Carbon-fibre reinforced composites are susceptible to delamination. Fibre bridging is an important shielding mechanism frequently observed in delamination. The presence of these bridging fibres can significantly increase interlaminar resistance, making it critical to represent this phenomenon for delamination characterization in composite...