Velocity and water-layer thickness of overtopping flows on sea dikes: Report of measurements and formulas development

The study aims to establish a set of formulas estimating velocity and depth of overtopping flows at sea dikes including seaward-side slope, crest and landward-side slope. These formulas are applicable to flows which are generated by natural waves and the simulator giving associated characteristics of any arbitrary value of exceedance probability...

Root characteristics of some grass species on the sea dikes in Viet Nam

Between 2009 and 2011, some grass-covered sea dikes were tested with the Wave Overtopping Simulator in the north of Viet Nam. Slope specifications and grass species of sea and estuary dikes were quantitatively observed and investigated. This report is concerned with expressing main characteristics of four grass species on some dike slopes in the...

Wave overtopping simulator on a 1/15 slope protected by two local grass species

The phenomenon of wave overtopping during storms was simulated by the Wave Overtopping Simulator on a 1/15 grass covered slope. The four 'Wave Overtopping Simulator' tests were done within the framework of the Research project 'Super sea dike with high safety level and environmental friendly' funded by Viet Nam government. The main objective of...

EroGRASS: Failure of grass cover layers at seaward and shoreward dike slopes. design, construction and performance

A large number of the dikes in the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions are covered with grass that is exposed to hydraulic loading from waves and currents during storm surges. During previous storm surges the grass cover layers often showed large strength and remained undamaged. A clear physical understanding of the failure of grass cover layers...

Placement of Smart Grass reinforcement at test sections Groningen Sea dike

The present report deals with the application of a provisional Smart Grass Reinforcement (SGR) system in 2006 for full scale testing of increased overtopping at the Groningen sea dyke test section near Delfzijl, as envisaged in 2007. The SGR has been placed at two strips of 4 m wide: one primary strip at the basic test site and one at a...

Golfoverslag en sterkte binnentalud bij dijken

Dit verslag is een rapportage van ons afstudeerproject voor de opleiding algemene Civiele Techniek aan de Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden.Dit afstudeerproject is in samenwerking met INFRAM uitgevoerd. Het onderzoek richt zich op de sterkte van grasbekleding op het binnentalud van zeedijken. Voor het beproeven van de grasmat op locatie wordt...

Conceptual model for reinforced grass on inner dike slopes

A desk study has been carried out in order to develop a conceptual model for the erosion of inner dike slopes with reinforced grass cover. Based on the results the following can be concluded: The presence of a geosynthetic in a grass slope can be taken into account in the EPM method by increasing the critical flow velocity. In particular, a...

Refining Green Plants to Protein Cakes and other useful products in the African country Zambia

Basis of Design for a process to refine green plants