Advances in using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as precursor for alkali-activation materials: A critical review

The pursuit of low-carbon binders as alternatives to Portland cement has sparked interest in developing alkali-activated materials (AAM).¹ Using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as precursor for AAM has attracted increasing attention as it offers a sustainable, resource-efficient solution to mitigate the...

The role of porosity on degradation of concrete under severe internal and external brine attack in confined conditions

It has been observed that a trench wall embedded in the soil of the Dead Sea has lost strength and is deteriorating due to brine attack. This phenomenon demonstrates that concrete wall structural stability and durability can be seriously endangered. Yet conventional analysis using macroscopic models is considered an oversimplification, as it...

Durability of alkali-activated fly ash and slag concrete

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) have received increasing interest during the past few decades due to their environmental and technological advantages. However the durability of these binders is still considered as an unproven issue that needs to be addressed before their commercial adoption and large-scale production. The present work is...