Drawing Time

This issue of Spool – ‘Drawing Time’ – departs from the observation that the metropolitan landscape is subject to time, in many ways. The metropolitan landscape, as it has been studied in Spool over the years, is conceived as the interrelation between urban, infrastructural, rural and natural formations: a dynamic, intertwined and layered urban...

Conceptual development of the logistics chain flow of container transport within the rhine-alpine corridor

The use of containers in the freight transport system has increased dramatically over the years. This is as a result of the interplay between macro-- and microeconomic factors and the liberalization of markets, thereby enhancing the development of international logistics services within transportation systems. The physical distribution of cargo...

University spin-off firms in sustainable energy in five countries: what determines their reaching of the market?

It is widely acknowledged that the transition towards a more sustainable energy productionand use needs to be accelerated. Whether young high-tech ventures can contribute to such anacceleration is a matter of debate. To contribute to this debate, this article aims to clarify theconditions under which a specific type of young high-tech ventures,...

(Before) station design: A lesson learnt from North European Project processes

Shear Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement under Sustained Loading

Manipulating higher dimensional spatial information

Real-world phenomena have traditionally been modelled in a GIS in two and three dimensions. However, powerful insights can be gained by the integration of additional non-spatial dimensions, such as time and scale, in a higher dimensional spatial model. While this theory is conceptually sound, there is a lack of understanding of its consequences...

Heart and mind: The role of time in design related decisions

We make numerous decisions every day. Some decisions are based on a range of explicit and material alternatives, others are constructed from implicit ideas about the options we have in mind. In preparing a construction project, creating a vision on how the future would look like appears to be one of the most important activities. This is usually...

Granularity in reciprocity

Witnessing in merging biological, social and algorithmic realities is crucial to trust, as modelled in the YUTPA framework. Being witness and bearing witness is fundamental to human interaction. System participation in human communities of practice challenges the notion of witnessing and therefore the ability to build trust. Nevertheless,...

History in spatial databases

The factor of time in life cycle assessments of housing