4.7 THz asymmetric beam multiplexer for GUSTO

A full demonstration of the Fourier phase grating used as 4.7 THz local oscillator (LO) multiplexer for Galactic/Extragalactic ULDB Spectroscopic Terahertz Observatory (GUSTO) is presented in this paper, including its design, modeling, tolerance analysis, and experimental characterizations of the angular and intensity distributions among 2 ×...

Relationship between the size of the samples and the interpretation of the mercury intrusion results of an artificial sandstone

Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements are widely used to determine pore throat size distribution (PSD) curves of porous materials. The pore throat size of porous materials has been used to estimate their compressive strength and air permeability. However, the effect of sample size on the determined PSD curves is often overlooked....

8-beam local oscillator array at 4.7 THz generated by a phase grating and a quantum cascade laser

We present an 8-beam local oscillator (LO) for the astronomically significant [OI] line at 4.7 THz. The beams are generated using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) in combination with a Fourier phase grating. The grating is fully characterized using a third order distributed feedback (DFB) QCL with a single mode emission at 4.7 THz as the input....

Global root zone storage capacity from satellite-based evaporation

This study presents an "Earth observation-based" method for estimating root zone storage capacity-a critical, yet uncertain parameter in hydrological and land surface modelling. By assuming that vegetation optimises its root zone storage capacity to bridge critical dry periods, we were able to use state-of-the-art satellite-based evaporation...

Using expert knowledge to increase realism in environmental system models can dramatically reduce the need for calibration

Conceptual environmental system models, such as rainfall runoff models, generally rely on calibration for parameter identification. Increasing complexity of this type of models for better representation of hydrological process heterogeneity, typically makes parameter identification more difficult. Although various, potentially valuable,...

Testing the realism of a topography-driven model (FLEX-Topo) in the nested catchments of the Upper Heihe, China

Although elevation data are globally available and used in many existing hydrological models, their information content is still underexploited. Topography is closely related to geology, soil, climate and land cover. As a result, it may reflect the dominant hydrological processes in a catchment. In this study, we evaluated this hypothesis...