Improving ethanol yield in acetate-reducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae by cofactor engineering of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and deletion of ALD6

Background: Acetic acid, an inhibitor of sugar fermentation by yeast, is invariably present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates which are used or considered as feedstocks for yeast-based bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been constructed, in which anaerobic reduction of acetic acid to ethanol replaces glycerol formation...

Precision of determining bone pose and marker position in the foot and lower leg from computed tomography scans: How low can we go in radiation dose?

Computed tomography (CT) imaging can be used to determine bone pose, sometimes combined with skin-mounted markers. For this specific application, a lower radiation dose than the conventional clinical dose might suffice. This study aims to determine how lowering the radiation dose of a CT-scan of the ankle and foot affects the precision of...

Local differential privacy for multi-agent distributed optimal power flow

Real-time data-driven optimization and control problems over networks, such as in traffic or energy systems, may require sensitive information of participating agents to calculate solutions and decision variables. Adversaries with access to coordination signals may potentially decode information on individual agents and put privacy at risk. We...

The influence of soft tissue artifacts on multi-segment foot kinematics

Movement of skin markers with respect to their underlying bone (i.e. soft tissue artifacts (STAs)) might corrupt the accuracy of marker-based movement analyses. This study aims to quantify STAs in 3D for foot markers and their effect on multi-segment foot kinematics as calculated by the Oxford and Rizzoli Foot Models (OFM, RFM). Fifteen...

Hard choices in artificial intelligence

As AI systems are integrated into high stakes social domains, researchers now examine how to design and operate them in a safe and ethical manner. However, the criteria for identifying and diagnosing safety risks in complex social contexts remain unclear and contested. In this paper, we examine the vagueness in debates about the safety and...

System Safety and Artificial Intelligence

This chapter formulates seven lessons for preventing harm in artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on insights from the field of system safety for software-based automation in safety-critical domains. New applications of AI across societal domains and public organizations and infrastructures come with new hazards, which lead to new forms of...

Accountable AI for Healthcare IoT Systems

Various AI systems have taken a unique space in our daily lives, helping us in decision-making in critical as well as non-critical scenarios. Although these systems are widely adopted across different sectors, they have not been used to their full potential in critical domains such as the healthcare sector enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT)...

Translation of 3D Anatomy to 2D Radiographic Angle Measurements in the Ankle Joint: Validity and Reliability

Background: The objective consisted of 2 elements, primarily to define 2 bone geometry variations of the ankle that may be of prognostic value on ankle instability and secondly to translate these bone variations from a 3D model to a simple 2D radiographic measurement for clinical use. Methods: The 3D tibial and talar shape differences derived...

Dismantling Digital Cages: Examining Design Practices for Public Algorithmic Systems

Algorithmic systems used in public administration can create or reinforce digital cages. A digital cage refers to algorithmic systems or information architectures that create their own reality through formalization, frequently resulting in incorrect automated decisions with severe impact on citizens. Although much research has identified how...

Value Inference in Sociotechnical Systems

Lime Treatment: Evaluation for Use in Dike Applications in the Netherlands

This study aimed to assess the suitability of lime treatment for use in dikes in the Netherlands. The effect of this technique on the behavior of a Dutch clay was addressed by comparing the detailed response of lime-treated and natural samples at different lime contents (1.25% and 2.25%) and curing periods. A series of laboratory tests...

Diagnosing and Addressing Emergent Harms in the Design Process of Public AI and Algorithmic Systems

Algorithmic and data-driven systems are increasingly used in the public sector to improve the efficiency of existing services or to provide new services through the newfound capacity to process vast volumes of data. Unfortunately, certain instances also have negative consequences for citizens, in the form of discriminatory outcomes, arbitrary...

Trustworthy AI Governance - Panel Discussion

As AI technology becomes more powerful, the impact on governance and the governance of AI becomes more important. The purpose of this panel is to bring together experts on Trustworthy AI and E-Governance to discuss the lessons learned so far and the challenges ahead. The goal is to provide a comprehensive review of challenges and potential...

Value Inference in Sociotechnical Systems: Blue Sky Ideas Track

As artificial agents become increasingly embedded in our society, we must ensure that their behavior aligns with human values. Value alignment entails value inference, the process of identifying values and reasoning about how humans prioritize values. We introduce a holistic framework that connects the technical (AI) components necessary for...

Inferring Values via Hybrid Intelligence

Values, such as freedom and safety, are the core motivations that guide us humans. A prerequisite for creating value-aligned multiagent systems that involve humans and artificial agents is value inference, the process of identifying values and reasoning about human value preferences. We introduce a framework that connects the value inference...