A bi-level framework for heterogeneous fleet sizing of ride-hailing services considering an approximated mixed equilibrium between automated and non-automated traffic

Ride-hailing companies will face the emergence and gradual expansion of AVs-only zones in urban areas where only automated vehicles (AVs) are allowed to circulate. When owning a mixed fleet (automated and conventional taxis), a ride-hailing company has to determine the optimal fleet size as a function of the gradually expanding coverage of...

Optimising fleet sizing and management of shared automated vehicle (SAV) services: A mixed-integer programming approach integrating endogenous demand, congestion effects, and accept/reject mechanism impacts

Shared automated vehicles (SAV) are expected to benefit the sustainable development of urban regions and alleviate the negative impacts brought by the increasing number of private cars. In this paper, we envision a future scenario where non-pooled SAVs replace private cars and provide public on-demand mobility services to satisfy the mobility...