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Sanawar, Huma (author), Bucs, Szilárd S. (author), Pot, Martin A. (author), Zlopasa, J. (author), Farhat, Nadia M. (author), Witkamp, Geert Jan (author), Kruithof, Joop C. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Vrouwenvelder, J.S. (author)Routine chemical cleaning with the combined use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is carried out as a means of biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The novelty of the research presented herein is in the application of urea, instead of NaOH, as a chemical cleaning agent to full-scale spiral-wound RO...journal article 2019
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Sanawar, H. (author), Pinel, I.S.M. (author), Farhat, N. M. (author), Bucs, Sz S. (author), Zlopasa, J. (author), Kruithof, J. C. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Vrouwenvelder, J.S. (author)Chemical cleaning is routinely performed in reverse osmosis (RO) plants for the regeneration of RO membranes that suffer from biofouling problems. The potential of urea as a chaotropic agent to enhance the solubilization of biofilm proteins has been reported briefly in the literature. In this paper the efficiency of urea cleaning for RO...journal article 2018