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Unraveling the hydrogen sulfide aging mechanism on electrical-thermal–mechanical property degradation of sintered nanocopper interconnects used in power electronics packaging

Chen, Wei (author), Liu, Xu (author), Hu, D. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhu, Xi (author), Fan, Xuejun (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Fan, J. (author)

During operation in environments containing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), such as in offshore and coastal environments, sintered nanoCu in power electronics is susceptible to degradation caused by corrosion. In this study, experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses were conducted to investigate the evolution and...

journal article 2024

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Release of phosphorus through pretreatment of waste activated sludge differs essentially from that of carbon and nitrogen resources: Comparative analysis across four wastewater treatment facilities

Deng, Shaoyu (author), Liu, J. (author), Yang, Xiaofan (author), Sun, Dezhi (author), Wang, Aijie (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Cheng, Xiang (author)

The accumulation of phosphorus in activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provides potential for phosphorus recovery from sewage. This study delves into the potential for releasing phosphorus from waste activated sludge through two distinct treatment methods—thermal hydrolysis and pH adjustment. The investigation was conducted...

journal article 2024

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Towards sustainable groundwater development with effective measures under future climate change in Beijing Plain, China

Liu, S. (author), Zhou, Yangxiao (author), Eiman, Fatima (author), McClain, M.E. (author), Wang, Xu sheng (author)

To cope with the groundwater depletion problem and achieve sustainable groundwater development, groundwater conservation measures and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) have been implemented worldwide. However, knowledge gaps exit how does the aquifer system respond to these interventions differently and if these interventions are adequate to...

journal article 2024

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Enhanced sensitivity and tunability of thermomechanical resonance near the buckling bifurcation

Liu, Hanqing (author), Baglioni, G. (author), Boix-Constant, Carla (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

The high susceptibility of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) material resonators to force and temperature makes them ideal systems for sensing applications and exploring thermomechanical coupling. Although the dynamics of these systems at high stress has been thoroughly investigated, their behavior near the buckling transition has received less...

journal article 2024

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A multi-step fast charging-based battery capacity estimation framework of real-world electric vehicles

Zhang, D. (author), Wang, Zhenpo (author), Liu, Peng (author), She, Chengqi (author), Wang, Qiushi (author), Zhou, Litao (author), Qin, Z. (author)

Accurately evaluating battery degradation is not only crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles (EVs) but also fundamental for their intelligent management and maximum utilization. However, the non-linearity, non-measurability, and multi-stress coupled operating conditions have posed significant challenges for...

journal article 2024

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Comprehensive properties assessment of asphalt binder under aqueous solutions with different pH values and its gradient damage behaviors

Zou, Yingxue (author), Wu, Shaopeng (author), Chen, Anqi (author), Liu, Quantao (author), Amirkhanian, Serji (author), Xu, S. (author), Yang, Chao (author), Wan, Pei (author), Xu, Haiqin (author), Lu, Ziyu (author)

This study characterized the morphology, high-temperature property, rheological property, adhesion, cohesion, and chemical component of asphalt binder under aqueous solutions of different pH values. Then the physicochemical properties of asphalt binder were comprehensively evaluated by the improved radar chart. The properties of asphalt...

journal article 2024

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Size Effect in the Compression of 3D Polymerized Micro-Structures

Li, Jiayu (author), Accardo, A. (author), Liu, Shutian (author)

Micro/nanoscale additive manufacturing provides a powerful tool for advanced materials and structures with complex and precise features. For instance, the feature resolution of two-photon polymerization (2PP) can reach 200 nm. At this scale, materials properties can change, and the influence of the size effect cannot be ignored. Therefore, it...

journal article 2024

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Plastic particles affect N₂O release via altering core microbial metabolisms in constructed wetlands

Yang, X. (author), Chen, Yi (author), Liu, Tao (author), Zhang, Lu (author), Wang, Hui (author), Chen, Mengli (author), He, Qiang (author), Liu, G. (author), Ju, Feng (author)

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been proven to effectively immobilize plastic particles. However, little is known about the differences in the impact of varying sized plastic particles on nitrous oxide (N₂O) release, as well as the intervention mechanisms in CWs. Here, we built a lab-scale wetland model and introduced plastic...

journal article 2024

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Assessment of self-healing behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cement mortar with crystalline admixture: the effects of crack widths, cracking ages, and external conditions

Liu, Baoju (author), Ye, Huiwen (author), Jiang, Junyi (author), Shi, Jinyan (author), Yalçınkaya, Çağlar (author), Šavija, B. (author)

Crystalline admixture (CA) is an effective self-healing agent for mortar. However, the effects of crack parameters (i.e. crack width and cracking age) and the service environment on the self-healing behavior of CA-containing mortar are not well understood. Herein, the self-healing behavior of mortar containing a self-developed CA was assessed...

journal article 2024

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Sub-seasonal soil moisture anomaly forecasting using combinations of deep learning, based on the reanalysis soil moisture records

Wang, X. (author), Corzo, Gerald (author), Lü, Haishen (author), Zhou, Shiliang (author), Mao, K. (author), Zhu, Yonghua (author), Duarte Prieto, F.S. (author), Liu, Mingwen (author), Su, Jianbin (author)

Sub-seasonal drought forecasting is crucial for early warning in estimating agricultural production and optimizing irrigation management, as forecasting skills are relatively weak during this period. Soil moisture exhibits stronger persistence compared to other climate system quantities, which makes it especially influential in shaping land...

journal article 2024

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Aging and Sintered Layer Defect Detection of Discrete MOSFETs Using Frequency Domain Reflectometry Associated With Parasitic Resistance

Yun, Minghui (author), Yang, Daoguo (author), Cai, Miao (author), Yan, Haidong (author), Yu, Jiabing (author), Liu, Mengyuan (author), He, Siliang (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) undergo fatigue degradation under high thermal and electrical stresses. This process results in changes in their parasitic parameters, which can be detected using frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). Frequency domain impedance analysis is employed to characterize the various...

journal article 2024

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Nanostructure and damage characterisation of bitumen under a low cycle strain-controlled fatigue load based on molecular simulations and rheological measurements

Gao, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Assaf Martinez-Streignard, E.I. (author), Liu, Pengfei (author), Zhang, Yuqing (author)

Bitumen fatigue resistance is critical to determine the overall fatigue performance and service life of asphalt pavements. However, the mechanisms responsible for fatigue damage of bitumen have previously not been well understood. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has recently emerged as a powerful computer-aided numerical technique to model...

journal article 2024

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Introducing a force-matched united atom force field to explore larger spatiotemporal domains in molecular dynamics simulations of bitumen

Assaf Martinez-Streignard, E.I. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author)

This paper presents a United Atom (UA) force field for simulating hydrocarbon molecules in bituminous materials, integrating explicit hydrogens into beads with their parent atom. This method simplifies all-atom molecular models, significantly accelerating Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of bitumen by 10 to 100 times. Key advantages...

journal article 2024

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Advancements and insights in thermal and water management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Challenges and prospects

Zhang, Zhenya (author), Mao, Jia (author), Liu, Zhengxuan (author)

In response to the growing global demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as vital components in diverse decarbonization strategies. Despite their increasing importance, a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in thermal and water...

journal article 2024

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Incompatibility stress at inclined grain boundaries for cubic crystals under hydrostatic stress and uniaxial stress

Liu, K. (author), Sluiter, M.H.F. (author)

In a material under stress, grain boundaries may give rise to stress discontinuities. The stress state at grain boundaries strongly affects microscopic processes, such as diffusion and segregation, as well as failure initiation, such as fatigue, creep, and corrosion. Here the general condition of incompatibility stress at grain boundaries is...

journal article 2024

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The future of digitalized project practices through data-savvy talent: A digital competence formation perspective

Liu, Yan (author), Zeng, Ningshuang (author), Papadonikolaki, E. (author), Maritshane, Kirk (author), Chan, P.W.C. (author)

Amidst the disruptive backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations are navigating toward a new normal, leveraging digital technologies to reconfigure business processes and operational practices. This study delves into the transformative effects of digitalization on project management, with a focus on integrating data-savvy talent in a data...

journal article 2024

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Insights into sulfur and hydrogen sulfide induced corrosion of sintered nanocopper paste: A combined experimental and ab initio study

Chen, Wei (author), Liu, Xu (author), Yang, Zhoudong (author), Liu, X. (author), Hu, D. (author), Zhu, Xi (author), Fan, X. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Fan, J. (author)

The power semiconductor joining technology through sintering of copper nanoparticles is well-suited for die attachment in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, offering high electrical, thermal, and mechanical performances. However, sintered nanocopper will be prone to degradation resulting from corrosion in sulfur-containing corrosive...

journal article 2024

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An analytical framework for the best–worst method

Wu, W. (author), Liu, Xinwang (author), Zhou, Ligang (author), Qin, Jindong (author), Rezaei, J. (author)

Since the development of the best–worst method (BWM) in 2015, it has become a popular research focus in multi-criteria decision-making. The original optimization problem of the BWM is a nonlinear min–max model that can lead to multiple optimal solutions, while the linear model of the BWM produces a unique solution. The two models need to be...

journal article 2024

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Unraveling the implementation processes of PEDs: Lesson learned from multiple urban contexts

Gohari, Savis (author), Castro Silvia, Soutullo (author), Ashrafian, Touraj (author), Konstantinou, T. (author), Giancola, Emanuela (author), Prebreza, Bahri (author), Aelenei, Laura (author), Murauskaite, Lina (author), Liu, Mingming (author)

The implementation of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) is recognized as a promising approach to achieving energy efficiency and reducing the negative environmental impact of climate change through the surplus of local renewable energy generation. However, several barriers to the implementation of PEDs, coupled with the lack of a joint definition...

journal article 2024

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Exploiting Symmetric Temporally Sparse BPTT for Efficient RNN Training

Chen, Xi (author), Gao, C. (author), Wang, Zuowen (author), Cheng, Longbiao (author), Zhou, Sheng (author), Liu, Shih Chii (author), Delbruck, Tobi (author)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are useful in temporal sequence tasks. However, training RNNs involves dense matrix multiplications which require hardware that can support a large number of arithmetic operations and memory accesses. Implementing online training of RNNs on the edge calls for optimized algorithms for an efficient deployment on...

journal article 2024