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Dukai, B. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The 3D representation of buildings with roof shapes (also called LoD2) is popular in the 3D city modelling domain since it provides a realistic view of 3D city models. However, for many application block models of buildings are sufficient or even more suitable. These so called LoD1 models can be reconstructed relatively easily from building...journal article 2019
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Noardo, F. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Agugiaro, G. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)An investigation into the implementation state of open standards in software is currently ongoing through the ISPRS/EuroSDR ‘GeoBIM benchmark 2019’ initiative, which kicked off earlier this year. The benchmark activity provides a way of assessing and comparing the functionality of different software packages in GIS and BIM in terms of their...journal article 2019
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Vitalis, S. (author), Labetski, A. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)A 3D city model should be constantly updated with new versions, either to reflect the changes in its real-world counterpart, or to improve and correct parts of the model. However, the current standards for 3D city models do not support versioning, and existing version control systems do not work well with 3D city models. In this paper, we...journal article 2019
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Ho, Serene (author), Biljecki, Filip (author)A significant number of studies has been carried out to establish 3D cadastre solutions to improve the registration of multi-level property. Since the inception of research on 3D cadastres (about 20 years ago), the world around us has changed significantly and this also partly changes the context regarding 3D cadastre: technology (e.g....journal article 2019
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Penninga, F. (author), van den Brink, L.E. (author), Reuvers, M. (author), Vermeij, Maarten (author), Wiersma, M.G. (author)In this paper we present an open and flexible approach for the standardisation of 3D geographical data, describing our physical environment in such a way that it can serve different applications. The aim of our approach is to keep the standard as simple as possible so that implementation in different software is straightforward and the reuse of...journal article 2019
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Kumar, Kavisha (author), Labetski, A. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The Level of Detail (LOD) concept in CityGML 2.0 is meant to differentiate the multiple representations of semantic 3D city models. Despite the popularity and general acceptance of the concept by the practitioners and stakeholders in 3D city modelling, there are still some limitations. While the CityGML LOD concept is well defined for buildings,...journal article 2019
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Kumar, Kavisha (author), Labetski, A. (author), Agugiaro, G. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)GIS has become an important part of many disciplines and supports a vast range of applications. It is used everywhere, from agriculture to public health care. Furthermore, with the advances in technologies, the availability of GIS data and software support has grown exponentially. In this paper, we present the results of our international survey...journal article 2019
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Noardo, F. (author), Ellul, C. (author), Harrie, L. (author), Overland, I. (author), Shariat, M. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The integration of geoinformation with BIM (GeoBIM) is critical to underpin solutions to many city-related challenges. However, to achieve an effective integration it is necessary to consider not only data and technical options but also current practice and users’ needs. This paper describes work carried out within the EuroSDR-GeoBIM project...journal article 2019
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Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)GeoBIM, the integration of 3D geoinformation (Geo) with building information models (BIM), is a subject of increasing attention in both domains. A well-known practical challenge for this integration is the mixed state of software support for open standards in each domain that would ease the integration. This is often known by practitioners but...journal article 2019
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Kumar, Kavisha (author), Labetski, A. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The relatively new Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard LandInfra documents in its data model land and civil engineering infrastructure features. It has a Geography Markup Language (GML) implementation, OGC InfraGML, which has essentially no software support and is rarely used in practice. In order to share the benefits of LandInfra (and...journal article 2019
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van Altena, V.P. (author), Krans, Jan (author), Bakker, Henk (author), Dukai, B. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Before the interpretation of any text can start, the original wording of the text itself must be critically established. Conventionally, this is done following qualitative criteria. This article, however, explores the application of spatial analyses to New Testament textual criticism by demonstrating how the Levenshtein edit distance could be...journal article 2019
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Du, Shenglan (author), Lindenbergh, R.C. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Nan, L. (author)Laser scanning is an effective tool for acquiring geometric attributes of trees and vegetation, which lays a solid foundation for 3-dimensional tree modelling. Existing studies on tree modelling from laser scanning data are vast. However, some works cannot guarantee sufficient modelling accuracy, while some other works are mainly rule-based and...journal article 2019
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Labetski, A. (author), Kumar, Kavisha (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)While there exist international standards for geospatial metadata (ISO 19115), these are rarely used in practice for 3D datasets, and one of the OGC standards for 3D city models, CityGML, does not offer a mechanism to store metadata in a structured way. Having metadata in CityGML files, which are in practice often very large and complex, would...journal article 2018
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Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)It is widely acknowledged that the integration of BIM and GIS data is a crucial step forward for future 3D city modelling, but most of the research conducted so far has covered only the high-level and semantic aspects of GIS-BIM integration. This paper presents the results of the GeoBIM project, which tackled three integration problems focussing...journal article 2018
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Ho, Serene (author), Crompvoets, Joep (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Intensifying and increasingly complex physical developments under, on, and above ground, as well as the speed and accessibility of digital innovation, is resulting in growing interest in public sector investment in 3D geo-information. In Europe, a consortium of 11 public mapping agencies (PMAs) recently undertook a cost-benefit analysis for...journal article 2018
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Dukai, B. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Het representeren van gebouwen met dakvormen (ook wel LoD2 genoemd) is populair bij 3D-modellering van de leefomgeving, omdat dit een realistische beleving geeft. Maar voor veel 3D-data toepassingen zijn simpele blokmodellen van gebouwen meer geschikt. Deze zogenaamde LoD1-modellen kunnen relatief eenvoudig worden gegenereerd vanuit data die...journal article 2018
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Dukai, B. (author)Different urban issues urgently request up-to-date, valid, accurate, suitable, error-free 3D data of the living environment. A dynamic, virtual copy of cities, landscape, and buildings enables to continuously monitor what is happening in reality and evaluate different scenarios through simulation. These simulations help address issues like...journal article 2018
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author)The boundary between geo and BIM is getting fuzzy, but working with IFC models from practice shows that converting BIM data in a format useful in GIS and vice versa is still far from straightforward.journal article 2018
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Peters, R.Y. (author), Dukai, B. (author), Commandeur, T.J.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Geluid is een groot probleem in stedelijk gebied. Om geluidsoverlast te verminderen, voeren vele overheidsorganisaties op allerlei niveaus geluidstudies uit. Geluidssimulatie is hierin een belangrijk onderdeel. De reken methode voor de simulatie van geluid is in Nederland gestandaardiseerd. Maar de benodigde 3D-inputgegevens worden voor iedere...journal article 2018
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Diakite, A.A. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Penninga, Friso (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)GIS-data worden gebruikt om de leefomgeving te modelleren ten behoeve van<br/>ruimtelijke analyses en BIM-data voor het ontwerp, het bouwen en het beheer<br/>van bouwwerken. De grens tussen GIS en BIM vervaagt echter en er is een<br/>groeiende vraag om beide typen data te integreren.journal article 2018